6 Oct Unit 2 Study Guide (Easy)

Describe the structure of the cell membrane.

The cell membrane is a thin flexible covering around the cell. It is made mostly of two layers of fats called phospholipids and has proteins in it.

Why is the cell membrane called the "gatekeeper" of the cell?

It controls what is allowed to enter and leave the cell.

What does selectively permeable mean?

It means the cell membrane lets some things pass through but blocks other things.

What are some functions of the cell membrane?

It protects the cell controls what enters and leaves and helps keep the inside of the cell stable.

How does the cell membrane help maintain homeostasis?

It controls what enters and leaves the cell to help keep the inside balanced and stable.

What does it mean when molecules move with the concentration gradient?

Molecules move from an area where there are many of them to an area where there are fewer of them.

What does it mean when molecules move against the concentration gradient?

Molecules move from an area where there are fewer of them to an area where there are more of them. This takes energy.

What is passive transport?

Passive transport is when substances move across the cell membrane without the cell using energy.

Does passive transport require energy?

No. Passive transport does not require the cell to use energy.

What are two examples of passive transport?

Diffusion and osmosis.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is when particles move from an area with many particles to an area with fewer particles.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water through a cell membrane.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion is the movement of particles while osmosis is specifically the movement of water through a membrane.

What is a real-life example of diffusion?

Perfume spreading through a room is diffusion. The smell moves from where it is strong to other parts of the room.

What is a real-life example of osmosis?

A raisin placed in water gets bigger because water moves into the raisin.

What is active transport?

Active transport is when a cell uses energy to move substances across its membrane.

Does active transport require energy?

Yes. Active transport requires energy from the cell.

What are two examples of active transport?

Endocytosis and exocytosis.

What is endocytosis?

Endocytosis is when a cell surrounds something and brings it inside the cell.

What is exocytosis?

Exocytosis is when a cell moves something from inside the cell to outside the cell.

What is a real-life example of endocytosis?

It is like bringing groceries into your house because you are bringing something inside.

What is a real-life example of exocytosis?

It is like taking the trash out of your house because you are moving something outside.

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

They are almost opposites. What photosynthesis makes is used in cellular respiration and what cellular respiration makes can be used in photosynthesis.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide water and light energy.

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen.

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide water and ATP energy.

Why can plants survive without animals but animals cannot survive without plants?

Plants can make their own food using sunlight. Animals depend on plants directly or indirectly for food and oxygen.

What organelle is needed for photosynthesis?

The chloroplast.

What pigment is found inside chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll.

What does chlorophyll do?

Chlorophyll catches light energy from the Sun so the plant can make food.

What organelle is needed for cellular respiration?

The mitochondria.

What is the main job of the mitochondria?

The mitochondria help make usable energy for the cell.

What type of animal cells have lots of mitochondria?

Muscle cells have lots of mitochondria because muscles need a lot of energy to move.

How is cell transport used during photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide moves into the plant and water moves into its cells. The plant uses them to make glucose during photosynthesis.

How is cell transport used during cellular respiration?

Oxygen moves into cells and carbon dioxide moves out. The cell uses oxygen and glucose to make energy.

Which types of cell transport do not require energy?

Passive transport including diffusion and osmosis does not require energy.

Which types of cell transport require energy?

Active transport including endocytosis and exocytosis requires energy.

What weather conditions are best for photosynthesis?

Sunny weather with enough water and temperatures that are not too hot or too cold.

Why does sunlight help photosynthesis?

Plants use energy from sunlight to make glucose or food.

Why is water important for photosynthesis?

Water is one of the things a plant needs to make glucose.

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis allows plants to use light energy to make glucose or food.

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to make energy the cell can use.

What is ATP?

ATP is a molecule that gives cells usable energy.

What organisms perform photosynthesis?

Plants algae and some bacteria perform photosynthesis.

What organisms perform cellular respiration?

Plants animals and many other living things perform cellular respiration.

Do plants perform cellular respiration?

Yes. Plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

What does high concentration mean?

It means there are many particles in one area.