Lecture #2 Research Design

Research Design

A methodological framework that facilitates the gathering and analysis of data.

Quantitative Research

Research that tries to find cause-effect relationships and generalizes findings from samples.

Independent Variable (X)

The variable that shifts the dependent variable; perceived cause.

Dependent Variable (Y)

The variable that is affected by the independent variable; perceived effect.

Conceptual Hypothesis

A statement predicting a relationship between two variables without specifying the direction.

Working Hypothesis

A more specific hypothesis that predicts the direction or nature of the relationship between variables.

Criteria for Causality

Conditions that must be met to establish a cause-effect relationship, including statistical correlation and time/order.

Qualitative Research

Research aimed at understanding the subjective experiences of participants and the meanings they attach to their situations.

Ecological Fallacy

The error of drawing conclusions about individuals based on group level data.

Cross-sectional Research Design

Collection of data from more than one case at a single point in time.

Longitudinal Research Designs

Research study of the same population on more than one occasion.

Units of Analysis

The specific entities being studied, such as individuals, groups, or organizations.