Abdomen + GI — Numbers & Rules

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35 Terms

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Iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for an AP supine abdomen (KUB)?
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2–3 inches above the iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for an AP upright abdomen to include the diaphragm?
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Expiration
What breathing phase is used for routine AP supine and upright abdomen exposures?
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Left side down
Which side is down for a left lateral decubitus abdomen?
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Horizontal beam
What beam orientation is used for a lateral decubitus abdomen?
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At or near the iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for a left lateral decubitus abdomen in the Merrill review material?
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35–40° RAO
How much rotation is used for an RAO esophagus?
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T5–T6
Where is the CR centered for an RAO esophagus?
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Perpendicular
What CR angle is used for an RAO esophagus?
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L2 / level of pylorus
Where is the CR centered for a PA stomach projection?
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Expiration
What breathing phase is used for PA stomach imaging?
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40–70° RAO
What rotation range may be used for an RAO stomach/UGI depending on habitus?
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L2 / duodenal bulb
Where is the CR centered for an RAO stomach/UGI?
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30–60° LPO
What rotation range may be used for an LPO stomach/UGI depending on habitus?
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L1 recumbent
Where is the CR centered for a recumbent lateral stomach?
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L3 upright
Where is the CR centered for an upright lateral stomach?
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About L2
Where may early small-bowel follow-through images be centered?
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Iliac crest
Where are later PA small-bowel follow-through images commonly centered?
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15–30 minutes
At approximately what intervals are serial small-bowel follow-through images commonly obtained?
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Iliac crest
Where is the CR centered for routine PA/AP contrast-enema images?
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35–45°
How much rotation is used for contrast-enema obliques?
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RAO and LPO
Which contrast-enema obliques demonstrate the right/hepatic flexure?
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LAO and RPO
Which contrast-enema obliques demonstrate the left/splenic flexure?
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30–40° cephalad
What CR angle is used for an AP axial contrast enema to demonstrate the rectosigmoid?
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30–40° caudad
What CR angle is used for a PA axial contrast enema to demonstrate the rectosigmoid?
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ASIS level
Where is the CR centered for a lateral rectum projection?
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Horizontal at iliac crest
What CR direction and level are used for lateral decubitus contrast-enema images?
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3.5–4 inches
Approximately how far is the rectal tip inserted during a contrast enema?
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At least 5 minutes; 10–20 preferred
How long should the patient remain in a lateral decubitus abdomen before exposure when possible?
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15–20° oblique
How much may the patient be obliqued during a surgical cholangiogram to move the bile ducts off the spine?
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Right upper quadrant
What region is centered for a surgical cholangiogram?
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Prone
What position is used for ERCP imaging in the reviewed Merrill material?
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Approximately 2 inches above L1
What is the course centering guideline for a hypersthenic UGI patient?
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Approximately at L1
What is the course centering guideline for a sthenic UGI patient?
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Approximately 2 inches below L1
What is the course centering guideline for a hyposthenic or asthenic UGI patient?