Energies

Kinetic energy

The capacity of an object to do work due to its motion, calculated as $E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.

Gravitational potential energy

Stored capacity to do work based on an object's position in a gravitational field, calculated as $E_p = mgh$.

Law of conservation of energy

The principle stating that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant and can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.

Thermal energy

The total internal microscopic kinetic energy of particles within a substance, directly associated with temperature.

Chemical energy

Potential energy stored within bonds between atoms and molecules, released or absorbed during chemical reactions.

Elastic potential energy

The stored energy resulting from the temporary deformation of a flexible object, calculated as $E_e = \frac{1}{2}ke^2$.

Work

The measure of energy transfer occurring when an applied force causes a displacement, given by $W = Fd$.

Power

The rate at which energy is transferred or converted per unit time, calculated as $P = \frac{W}{t}$.