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Elena and Sanjay
Work colleagues/friends; self-disclosure, feedback, and boundaries
Ben and Liam
Friends; encouraging vulnerability without being intrusive
Maddie and Adam
Married couple; influence imbalance and household responsibilities
Phil and Rachel
Father and daughter; changing long-standing behaviors and emotional openness
Mia and Aniyah
Longtime friends/former college roommates; emotional suppression, conflict, and repair
David and Carole
Authors and professional colleagues; their own relationship nearly collapsing and being repaired
Steven
Elena's coworker who repeats her ideas
Heather
Member of Elena and Sanjay's team
Eric
Elena's husband
Priya
Sanjay's wife
Roland
Sanjay's college friend and potential business partner
Randy
Liam's coworker who takes credit for his work
Jake
Mia's husband
Christopher
Aniyah's husband
Tyler
Man Mia considers having an affair with
Drew
Adam's friend who challenges his perspective
The Winnikers
Friends whose family arrangement involves Janie's mother living with them
Self-disclosure
Revealing personal information, thoughts, and emotions to another person
Vulnerability
Taking the emotional risk of allowing someone to know your authentic self
15 Percent Rule
Stretching approximately 15% beyond your comfort zone to encourage growth
Zone of Comfort
What feels completely safe to disclose or do
Zone of Learning
The area of uncertainty where growth and learning occur
Zone of Danger
The area where disclosure or behavior carries substantial risk
Cognitions
Thoughts that describe what is happening
Emotions
Feelings that communicate the personal significance of an experience
Pinch
A minor interpersonal irritation that should be addressed early
Crunch
A more significant conflict that develops when pinches accumulate
Confirmation bias
Paying greater attention to evidence that supports existing beliefs
Feedback
Information about how your behavior affects another person
Staying on your side of the net
Communicating your own experience rather than assuming another person's intentions
Interpersonal cycle
The process through which one person's behavior affects another's reactions and reinforces behavior
Influence imbalance
A situation in which one person has substantially more power or influence
Meta-level discussion
Discussing why communication itself is not working
Second-order emotion
A secondary emotion, such as anger, that can conceal more vulnerable underlying feelings
D × V × F
Dissatisfaction × Vision × First Steps; a framework for encouraging change
Appropriate responsibility
Recognizing both your own choices and the influence others have on you
Boundaries
Limits that establish what you can reasonably provide or accept in a relationship
Entangled issues
Multiple interconnected problems that make a conflict difficult to resolve
Golden handcuffs
Financial or career incentives that make leaving a job difficult
Repair
Rebuilding a relationship after conflict or damage
Facts versus feelings
"I had a difficult day" communicates less than naming feelings like overwhelm or anxiety
Intentions versus impact
Good intentions can still negatively affect another person; feedback focuses on behavioral impact
Responsibility versus blame
Acknowledge your contribution without accepting responsibility for everything
Support versus agreement
Supporting a friend does not mean endorsing every decision; Aniyah and Mia illustrate this