Philosophy: Human Existence, Desire, and Overcoming

Vocabulary flashcards covering key philosophical concepts, thinkers, and psychological frameworks from the philosophy review notes, including reductionism, intentionality, corporeity, and human connection.

Materialism

A perspective in which everything is reduced to material possessions, causing one to forget spirituality and the meaning of life.

Mechanicism

The framework of observing, thinking, and reifying or objectifying (observar-pensar-cosificar).

Alienation

The condition of living without a purpose or life goal.

Dehumanization

Starting to view people as tools and failing to treat them with dignity.

Consumerism

The practice of purchasing more goods than are necessary.

Herbert Marcuse

A philosopher who defends living life with freedom.

Erik Fromm

A psychologist who opposed reification and objectification.

Intentionality

A concept proposed by Brentano that involves directing consciousness toward an object, value, or end.

Brentano

The philosopher who formulated the concept of intentionality as guiding consciousness toward an object, value, or goal.

Desire

According to authors such as Lacan, an inner drive that emerges from a lack and mobilizes the psyche.

Lacan

A psychoanalytic author who characterized desire as an internal force arising from a lack that mobilizes the psyche.

Will

The ability to choose and maintain a goal in the face of obstacles and temptations, reflecting an individual's inner strength.

Nietzsche

A philosopher who explored will in terms of the individual's inner strength.

Motivation

The thoughts or motives that support actions in order to accomplish goals or fulfill desires.

Agency

The personal capacity to take action and generate meaningful changes in one's life, transcending determinism.

Determinism

The view that human beings have no real choice in their actions.

Rotter

The theorist who described the locus of control, which is strengthened through human agency.

Leib

The lived and felt body experienced from one's own subjective reality, distinct from a purely biological machine.

Reich

A theorist who demonstrated that repressed emotions and tensions manifest physically through somatization.

Somatization

The physical bodily manifestation of repressed tensions and emotional conflicts.

Sartre

An existentialist thinker who asserted that humans are condemned to be free and bear absolute responsibility for their choices without external excuses.

Alterity (Alteridad)

The recognition and acceptance of the other person in their inherent difference.

Intersubjectivity

The shared space of encounter and interaction between different consciousnesses.

Hegel

The philosopher whose work places the mutual need for recognition at the center of human relations.

Grief (Duelo)

The psychological response experienced when confronting significant losses.

Psychic Elaboration (Elaboración psíquica)

The internal psychological process required to assimilate and work through emotional pain.

Resilience

The capacity to overcome and recover from adversity.

Post-Traumatic Growth

The process that enables individuals to find a deeper, more mature meaning in life after navigating a crisis.