CINE Stars for exam 2

⭐Agit-vehicles

• Traveling train cars, boats, etc 

• Included reedited newsreels to agitate and promote propaganda (agitprop)

⭐The State Film School (founded 1919)

• World’s first film school

• was in russia

⭐New Economic Policy (NEP)

• adopted mixed economy

• slow growth of state sponsored film industry

• 1923 - only 38 films produced, 99% of films shown are foreign

⭐Sovkino

• State-run production and distribution company

• Private prod companies required to purchase stock in it

• Tasked to open theaters and portable projection

• Made money by importing foreign films and exporting montage films

constructivism

• Art should fulfill a social function

• Artists are engineers

• The work of art is a machine

• Like a machine, art is made by assembling parts

  • Assemblage = montage = editing

• ⭐jidai-geki

• historical drama/film

• originated from kabuki

⭐gendai-geki

= contemporary life films

• Initially drew from shimpa theater (my sin = first adaptation)

”The Pure Film Movement” in japan

• Late 1910-early20s

• Effort by reformist intellectuals to procude more “cinematic” movies

• Against men playing women’s roles

  • Wanted close ups and less long shots/takes

• Against benshi narration

• Against “canned theaters”

  • When they would record it like a play

• The Success of Japan’s Film Industry

• After 1923, cinema becomes mass entertainment

• 1928-38 = japan produces more films than any other country

• ⭐The “tendency film” 1929-30 in japan

• Political melodramas

• Low budget commercial films

• Most commercially successful films

• Trend ended due to increased censorship by gov

• ⭐After 1923, new types of jidai-geki

• Kinetic sword fighting > dance-like of kabuki

• Nihilistic or rebellious protagonists who question strict social code

• ⭐The Shinkankaku writers

• all about opposing arguments and tensions

• Startling and vivid images

• 2. Subtle shifts between objective and subjective narration

  • Memories, fantasies, and hallucinations of characters

• ⭐Example of “International style” in japan

• Influenced even more by French impressionism, as well as the Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, kammerspiel film The Last Laugh (F.W. Murnau)

⭐ “Salvage Ethnography”

• Recording of traditional practices that are  nearing extinction

• Oftentimes these documentaries would show cultural traditions that has already become dated

⭐Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (Zacharias Kunuk, 2001)

• First feature film entirely performed in the Inuktitut language

• “Salvage ethnography” but made by the people themselves

⭐cinema pur

• Experimental movement that explores motion, light, and rhythm

• Like abstract animation, nonnarrative that use music for structure

• Unlike abstract animation, use abstract visual qualities of physical world

Hollywood Style and tech changes

• ⭐3-point lighting

• continuity editing

• ⭐Panchromatic film stock overtakes orthochromatic film stock

• Two strip technicolor!!!!!!!!

  • ⭐The Toll of the Sea (Chester M. Franklin, 1922)

  • didnt need color projector

• ⭐Universal and the horror genre w/international influence: Paul leni and Karl Freund

• ⭐Fleischer Bother’s Car-Tunes (1925-6) 

• Sound cartoons that used a “bouncing ball” to encourage sign-alongs

• 4 main types of sound with film

• Phonofilm (sound-on-film),

• vitaphone (disc)

• Fox Movietone (sound-on-film),

• RCA photophone (sound-on-film),

• Lights of New York (1928)

• First “all-talking” picture

big 5 agreement

decided for all big 5 to adopt one sound mechanism that proved most advantageous

western electric sound-on-film was chosen

⭐Strategies for distributing foreign language films

1. Release as is

2. Multilanguage versions (MLVs) - 1920s

3. Subtitles - 1930s

4. Dubbing - 1931

⭐”The Lubitsch touch”

• Sexual innuendo

• Oblique expression

• Finding new elegant was to depict narrative event/idea

• A sense of ease, elegance, and sophistication

• ⭐Tarzan and His Mate (Cedric Gibbons, 34) MGM

• First enforcement showdown

• Full frontal and rear nudity