ESCI111 2019

in the centre of stars

Where were all the elements other than hydrogen and helium formed

A long-term, persistant influence on the system bringing about a change in the system

in terms of the earth systems a forcing is

Terrasphere

what is not a component or resoivour of the earth sof the earth system

falling into a swamp and dying

what would improve the liklihood of an organism being included in the fossil reccord

Human Hand

A birds wings is homologus to what part of the human body

silicates

The most common rock forming minerals on earth

Vesicular

what term is associated with igneous rocks

Metamorphic

What type od rock is a schist

Andesite

what is an intermediate volcanic rock

identify a mechanism capable of moving continents

The contenital drift hypothesis was rejected mainly because Alfred Wegner could not:

New crust and lithosphere is formed

A divergent boundary is where

is the sourse of earths magnetism

The earths core

More explisive

Higher silica content =

Convergent boundaries

in what setting would you usually find comosite cones (stratavolcanoes)

Iceland

Where on earth does the mid-ocean ridge system go onshore

Shield Volcano

What type of Volcano is Mauna Loa (Hawaii)

H2O (Vapour) and CO2

Which two gases dominated earths earliest atmosphere

Archaean

In which geological eon did photosynthesis first appear

Nitrogen Fixation

Which process might result in an excess og bioavaliable P realitve to N in the surface ocean

Olivine

What mineral would you NOT expect in highly weatherd soil

competence

What word refers to the maximum grain size that cn be transported by a river

creep

what is an example of continuous mass wasting

Sediment that builds deltas accross the continental shelf

Rivers and coastal erosion of New Zealand deliver

break up of the super continent Gondwana

Zelandia is a recently descovered submarine continent resulting from

A submarine landslide, Reduction in sediment and a turbulent mus-laden current

The Kaikoura earthquake caused

Warmer, more turbulent, less saline

Climate change is causing the Southern Ocean to become

Transpiration

the loss of water from soils via active uptake by plants is known as

Nitrate

what constituents found in river water is most likely associated with agricultural land use

33 degrees c

What is the estimated difference between the average surface temprature on earth with and without the greenhouse gas effect

Southward

if a parcel of air is moving eastward in the southern hemisphere in which direction does the coriolis force act

Gravity

in. earths atmosphere vericle pressure graident force is closely balanced by

Horizontal pressure graident and Coriolis

What two forces are balanced in geostrophic flow

Can either be grater or less than dry air

The density of moist air is

Ascends and spirals away from the low centre

In a low pressur weather system, the air

Troposphere

What is the region of the atmosphere between 0-10km altitude called

500 hPa

At what approximate atmospheric pressure levels do the jet stream occur

100%

At what relative humidity does condensation occur

Frozen ocean water that forms during the winter

Sea ice can be defines as

The base of the ice in the middle of the glacier

What part of the glacier flows the fastest

Rhe Ross Ice Shelf, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and the East Antarctic Ice Sheet all fit the definition of marine ice sheets.

Marine ice sheet

40 - 60mm

The east antartica ice sheet has the potential to raise global sea level by approximatley

Eccentricity, Precession, and Obliquity

the theory of (Milkankovitch) orbital forcing is based on variations during the quaternary period of the three main orbital perimeters. these are: