Lab Manual E3

Updated 10/15/26

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO COARSE SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED __________ THAT BIND MUSCLES INTO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Deep Fascia

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF SYNERGISTS

Aid action of Agonists

NAME TWO CRITERIA (WAYS) USED TO CLASSIFY / NAME MUSCLES

Muscle Shape/Location

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THEIR NUMBER OF ORIGINS

Biceps/Triceps

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THEIR RELATIVE SIZE

Maximus/Minimus

WHEN _____________ MUSCLE CONTRACTS BLOOD CIRCULATES, DELIVERING NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND REMOVING CELL WASTE

Cardiac

___________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES.

Electromyogram

______________ IS AN EMG WHERE A NEEDLE ELECTRODE IS INSERTED THROUGH THE SKIN INTO THE MUSCLE WHOSE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IS TO BE MEASURED.

Intramuscular Electromyogram

______________ IS AN EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE

Surface Electromyography

_________________ MEANS CHANGING THE STRENGTH OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR THE EXTENT OF SHORTENING IN PROPORTION TO THE LOAD PLACED ON THE MUSCLE BY WAY OF MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT

Grading

______________ IS A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT SERVES TO MAINTAIN THE MUSCLE IN A STATE OF READINESS

Tonus

THE MUSCLE FORCE GENERATED BY MUSCLE ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN ________ (UNITS).

Kilograms

DEFINE MECHANICAL WORK PERFORMED BY SKELETAL MUSCLE

Mechanical Work performed when muscle contracts and an object is moved

THE STRENGTH OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATED BY MUSCLE ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN ________ (UNITS)

Millivolts

CONTRACTION OF __________MUSCLE MOVES ONE PART OF THE BODY WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER PART

Skeletal

CONTRACTION OF __________ MUSCLE (TYPE), CHANGES THE INTERNAL DIAMETER OF HOLLOW ORGANS

Smooth

___________ IS THE NAME OF THE TYPE OF EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE

Surface Electromyography

SUSTAINED FUSION OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE TWITCHES IS KNOWN AS ____________.

Tetanus

_________________ IS THE COMBINATION OF A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND ALL OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT CONTROLS

Motor Unit

THE DETECTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND RECORDING OF CHANGES IN SKIN VOLTAGE PRODUCED BY UNDERLYING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Electromyography

THE SEQUENTIAL ACTIVATION OF MOTOR UNITS TO PERFORM A DESIGNATED TASK IS KNOWN AS ______________________

Motor Unit Recruitment

WHEN DOES FATIGUE OCCUR?

Lack of ATP

A DECREASE IN THE MUSCLE’S ABILITY TO GENERATE FORCE DUE TO A DEPLETION OF ATP, A BUILD UP OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE OR POTASSIUM CAUSING A BLOCKAGE OF CALCIUM RELEASE FROM S.R. OR OXYGEN DEBT IN MUSCLE IS CALLED?

Fatigue

DESCRIBE ONE WAY OF CONTROLLING THE DEGREE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION?

Activating a desired number of motor units within the muscle

______________ IS THE MEASUREMENT OF POWER.

Dynamometry

____________ IS THE AMOUNT OF WORK DONE PER UNIT OF TIME

Power

WHAT WAS THE HAND DYNAMOMETER / DYNAGRIP USED TO SHOW

Force Generated during Fist Contraction

______________ IS A GRAPHIC RECORDING OBTAINED BY USING A DYNAMOMETER

Dynagram

NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE GRIP FORCE

Hand Dynamometer

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THE DIRECTION OF THEIR MUSCLE FIBERS

Rectus/Oblique

EACH MOTOR NEURON AXON BREAKS UP INTO MANY BRANCHES CALLED

Axonal Terminals

THE JUNCTION BETWEEN AN AXON AND A MUSCLE CELL IS CALLED _______________

Neuromuscular Junction

THE BULK OF THE BODY’S MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF WHICH MUSCLE TYPE?

Skeletal

THE FLUID-FILLED GAP SEPARATING NEURONAL AND MUSCLE FIBER MEMBRANES IS CALLED ____________

Synaptic Cleft

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG CORD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ___________

Tendons

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG FLAT/ SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ___________

Aponeuroses

GIVE THE TWO OTHER NAMES BY WHICH SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE KNOWN ( HINT: CONTROL/ APPEARANCE)

Voluntary/Striated Muscles

SKELETAL MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY LARGE, LONG CYLINDRICAL CELLS, SOMETIMES CALLED _________________

Muscle fibers

GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER DIAMETER

10-100 micrometers

GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER LENGTH

6-25 cm/up to 30cm long

MUSCLE CELLS ARE BUNDLES OF ___________________

Myofibrils

MYOFIBRILS ARE MADE UP OF EVEN SMALLER THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ______________

Myofilaments

WHAT CHANNEL IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE SARCOLEMMA AND PROPOOGATES THE ACTION POTENTIAL CLOSE TO THE SARCOPLAMIC RETICULUM?

Transverse Tubule

A LARGE NUMBER OF FASCICLES ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY A COARSE "OVERCOAT" OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED THE ______________, WHICH SHEATHS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.

Epimysium

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AGONISTS

Primarily Responsible for Movement

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AN ANTAGONIST

Reverse Movement/Opposes Agonists

GIVE THE FUNCTION OF FIXATORS

Immobilize origin of Prime Mover

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AGING ON MUSCLES, WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM

Sinewy/Stringier/atrophy

THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE AND THE TWO TERMINAL CISTERNAE ON EITHER SIDE FORM A REGION CALLED A _______________

Triad

A MUSCLE’S FIXED (IMMOVABLE) SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS ______________________

Origin

SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS ARE WRAPPED TOGETHER BY A COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE CALLED?

Perimysium

____________ ARE THE ACTUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS OF A MUSCLE

Sarcomeres

THE _______________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER SURROUNDING EACH INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE FIBER

Endomysium

A BUNDLE OF SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS, WRAPPED TOGETHER BY A COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE, ARE CALLED A _________________________

Fascicle

A MUSCLE’S MORE MOVABLE SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS ________________

Insertion

A NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS IT STIMULATES MAKE UP THE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE CALLED A __________

Motor Unit

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THIN FILAMENTS OF THE MYOFIBRILS?

Actin

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THICK FILAMENTS OF THE MYOFIBRILS?

Myosin

WHAT PART OF THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY WITH THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE?

Terminal Cisternae

FOR WHAT IS THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM A REPOSITORY?

Calcium

HOW MANY THIN FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THICK FILAMENT IN EACH MYOFIBRIL?

6

HOW MANY THICK FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THIN FILAMENT IN EACH MYOFIBRIL?

3

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES INSERT AT THE _______________ OR THE _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

linea alba/ Pubic Crest

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT ________________ OR ______________ THE TRUNK (GIVE EITHER)

flexes

MOST DEEP THORAX MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS ON THE ____________

Ribs

MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES THE ________________ OR AIDS IN ___________ OR ________________ OF AIR INTO OR OUT THE LUNGS

vertebral column/Inspiration /expiration

MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK PRODUCE ACTIONS THAT MOVE THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

humerus/scapula

MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES SOME PART OF THE ____________

Mandible

MOST SUPERFICIAL FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE ____________

Skin

MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE ___________

Mandible

MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE INSERTIONS IN A PART OF THE ______________

Hyoid Bone

MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE ACTIONS THAT INVOLVE MOVEMENT OF THE __________

Hyoid Bone

MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK HAVE INSERTIONS ON SOME PART OF THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

Humerus or Scapula

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS/ UPPER ARM HAVE INSERTIONS IN SOME PART THE ______________ OR THE __________

Ulna/radius

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE _____________

Humerus/Scapula

THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS ____________

Wrist Flexion

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER ARM COMPARTMENT?

Forearm Flexion

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR UPPER ARM COMPARTMENT?

Forearm Extension

THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________ OR _____________ (GIVE EITHER)

Thumb Flexion, pronate forearm

THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________

Thumb Extension, supinate forearm

THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS____________ OR _________________ (GIVE ANY ONE)

Wrist Extension

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE ______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)

Humerus/medial epicondyle

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE ______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)

radius/ Ulna

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE ______________ OR ____________OR ______________ (GIVE ANY ONE)

Ulna/ Interosseous membrane / radius

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG IS _________

Plantar Flexion foot

THE ACTIONS OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG IS ______________ OR ________________ (GIVE EITHER)

Plantar Flexion Foot

ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART OF THE ______________

Fibula

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGIN IN SOME PART OF THE

Humerus

THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER MEDIAL LEG COMPARTMENT IS ____________________ OR _____________________ OR __________________ (GIVE ANY ONE)

Flexes Thigh

THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG COMPARTMENT IS _____________

Extends knee

MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE INSERTIONS AT THE _____________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)

Patella

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES IS ________

Abducts Thigh

ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE ___________

Femur (Gluteal Tuberosity/Greater Trochanter)

MOST OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE ORIGINS ON SOME PART OF THE ______________ OR THE ______

Femur/pelvis

ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE _____________

Ilium

THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG IS ________

thigh extension/flex leg

ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE ORIGINS AT THE _______

Ischial Tuberosity

ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE ____________

calcaneus

ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE AN INSERTION AT ONE OF THE __________

Metatarsals

MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE _______________ OR ________________ (GIVE EITHER)

Fibula