Terrorism Exam #2

The 2015 Terror Attacks in Paris were planned and carried out by:

ISIS (Islamic State in Sryia/ISIL (Islamic State in the Levant)

The 2015 Terror attacks in Paris:

Killed 130 people indiscriminately

The 2015 Terror Attacks in Paris

Used suicide bombers and gunfire

The 2015 Terror Attacks in Paris:

Struck at multiple targets on the same day

The Terrorists who carried out the 2015 terror attacks in Paris were mostly

French and Belgian Citizens

The police response to the attack on the Bataclan Nightclub

was speedy and resulted in the deaths of two terrorists and the arrest of a third

All the terrorist active cadre, command level, and active supporters involved in the November 2015 terror Paris attacks were killed or captured the same day that the attacks took place

False

The terrorists who carried out the attack at the Stade De France Football Stadium":

failed to gain entry into the stadium, but detonated their suicide vests anyhow, killing themselves and one innocent bystander

As a result of the November 2015 Paris Attacks

• The French government temporarily banned public demonstrations and allowed the police to carry out searches without a warrant

• continued an aerial bombing campaign against ISIL targets in Syria

In the Saint-Denis police raid of 18 November 2015, the French Police:

Fired nearly 5,000 rounds in an hour-long gun battle. Three suspects died and five were arrested

Zionism arose as a

political movement in the late 19th Century

The ‘Balfour Declaration’ of 1917 stated that…

“His majesty's government would look with favour on the establishment of a jewish homeland in Palestine.”

The Arab Israeli wars occured in

1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, continued conflict between Lebanon ad Gaza.

Camp David Accord of 1978 was..

the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab nation (Anwar Sadat Eygpt)

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

• became more important as an outlet for frustrated palestinians, Yasir Arafat emerged as their Leader

• negotiated with Israel and morphed into the Palestinian Authority. The dominant political party within it is known as ‘Fatah’ - meaning Victory

In 1967, Israel took control of

• the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights

Fatah means

victory

Leader of PLO is

Yasir Arafat

What led to the PLO becoming the Palestinian Authority and obtaintaing limited self-government over the west bank?

Oslo Accord 1994 between the Palestinians and Israel

Hamas -

• means strength, bravery, zeal

• rejects the idea of peace with Israel and carries out terrorist attacks on Israel from Gaza

• much more Jihadist than the Palestinian authority

• Founded in1987

Hezbollah -

• originated in Lebanon and follows Shi’a, not Sunni Muslim teachings'

• Carried out the FIRST suicide bombings in 1983 and 1984

Hezbollah and Hamas are ____ for Iran through the Iranian Revolutionary Guards.

proxies

The Iranian Revolutionary Guard is

a branch of the Iranian government which is a sponsor of terrorism

On Oct 7, 2023 there were attacks by _____ on _______

Hamas, Southern Israel. Israeli armed response, Israeli-Hezbollah conflict in Lebanon

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 established…

the worlds first Islamic Republic

The US embassy Hostage crisis was a…

attack by IRAQ on IRAN in 1980

During the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (1979-1989)

• Over half a million soviet casualties

• Mujahedeen

• Taliban Government (1996-2001)

Mujahedeen

diverse, multi-factional Muslim guerrilla fighters who waged a holy war (jihad) against the Soviet Union and the Marxist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

Iraq (Saddam Hussein) invaded the small gulf state of

• Kuwait (1990)

• Kuwait is small but has oil

• led to first gulf war 1991

• International Coalition of military forces formed under american leadership to expel Iraqi Army, short conflict

Al Qaida

• Founded by USAMA BIN LADEN in 1988

• found refuge in Afghanistan:

• attacks on US embassies in Africa 1998

• Attack on USS Cole 2000

• 9/11 attack WTC

• NATO war against Taliban 2002-2021

• US withdrawl from Afganistan in 2021, Taliban took over the country again

ISIS/ISIL

attacks in the middle east and europe 2014, 2015.

ISIS is currently very active in…

Equatorial Africa

Mikhael Bakunin described terrorism as

‘the propaganda of the deed’

The ‘Siege of Sidney Street’

• Committed by nihilists and anarchists

• Committed robberies and murders in Britian in 1911

What are some examples of the revival of left wing terrorism in Western Europe from the late 1960s-Early 1990s?

• Italian Red Brigades, West German RAF (Red Army Fraktion- Baader-Meinhof Gang).

• Italian Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered Aldo Moro, former prime minister in 1978

Terrorism in Europe in the 1970s led to the creation of ____ in Germany, _____ in France, and the repurposing of British ______

• GSG-9

• GIGN

• SAS

These are the national swat teams of Germany France and the UK, trained and on permanent standby for reacting to terrorist hostage incidents/

Terrorism in Ireland had roots in..

Anglo-Irish enmity dating back to the Tudor conquest of Ireland.

In the 19th Century, the Irish Republican Brotherhood operated in both ___ and ____

USA and Ireland

Ex: Fenian Ram

Sinn Fein means

Ourselves alone

The Failed Easter Rising in 1916 led to

Guerilla conflict from 1918 to 1921, which resulted in a divided Ireland with Southern Ireland becoming the “Irish Free State”

IRA Leader that was assassinated for signing the peace treaty in Ireland

Micheal Collins

The ________ demonstrated (and demonstrate) attempted Protestant domination of Northern Ireland

Orange Day Parades

The IRA (Irish Rupublican Brotherhood) evolved into the ____

PIRA (Provistional IRA)

The three groups that split off from the PRIA

• RIRA - Real IRA

• CIRA - Continuity IRA

• INLA - Irish National Liberation Army

As a result of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, there is a ..

power sharing agreenment in Northern Ireland with Sinn Fein represented in the Irish Legislature

Recently, _____ won the largest number of seats in the Northern Ireland Parliament

Sinn Fein

Basque ETA has certain similarities to ____..

PIRA - essentially working class, nationalist/ethnic separatist movements. Strong Propensity to ‘split off’ into rival movements

When the nation of Yugoslavia (1992-1995) broke up…

Serbia tried to seize territory from different ethnic areas. ‘Ethnic Cleansing’ Genocidal massacres

Terrorism in Latin America

• closed societies

• uneasy racial ethinc mix

• colonial history all created fertile ground for left wing revolutionary movements

_____ region has the highest homicide rates in the world

Latin America

The Cuban revolution (led by _____) galvanized _____ movements in Latin America

• Fidel Castro

• Marxist

Che Guevara…

• became famous (or infamous)

• Argentine who was Fidel Castros second in command during Cuban revolution

• Attempted to export the revolution to the Congo in Africa and failed

• Tried the same with Bolivia and failed

• Executed in 1967 by Bolivian Army

Both terror and counter terror in almost all Latin America d=fron the 1950s to 1980s where from

numerous Marxists movements

• Government ‘death squads’ as a response

_____ was the longest lasting of the latin america marxist movements

Colombian FARC (1964-2017 53yrs) - 220,000 KIA, 5 mil. displaced)

• Role of narcotics traffic as logistical reserve/force multiplier

Peace treaty approved in 2017 provided for ____

FARC, to become political party

Economic aid, disarming terrorists

Narcoterrorism in Mexico is unique in our topic theorhetically because it seeks neither to overthrow nor to strengthen a government, but..

has the objective of paralyzing that government in terms of narcotics enforcement.

• In large parts of Mexico efforts have been successful (cartels)