Lesser tubercle

Cervical Vertebrae is located

In the neck c1-c7

Cervical Vertebrae body is shaped

small,oval,curved face (Shape c1-c7)

Cervical Vertebrae foramen

Large hole in the medial section C1-C7

Cervical Vertebrae spinous process is

long split tip external c1-c7

Cervical Vertebrae function is

support the skull, stabilize relative position of brain and spinal cord and allow controlled head movement

Cervical Vertebrae looks like

Thoracic Vertebrae location is

chest

Thoracic Vertebrae shape is

medium, heart-shaped flat faces, facets for rib articulations

Thoracic vertebral foramen is

medium shaped

Thoracic Vertebrae function is

support weight of head, neck, upper limbs and chest, articulate with ribs to allow

Thoracic vertebrae looks like

Lumbar Vertebrae is located in

the inferior portion of the back

Lumbar Vertebrae shape is

Massive, oval, flat faces

Lumbar Vertebrae vertebral foramen

size is small

Lumbar Vertebrae spinous Process

Blunt,broad; points, posteriorly

Lumbar Vertebrae supports

weight of head, neck, upper limbs, and trunk

Lumbar Vertebrae

Concentric Lamellae is

a transverse section of lamellae

Osteon (Haversian Systems)

A ring of concentric thing plates (lamellae)

Central (Haversian Canals)

Central channel containing blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Lacunae

small spaces between lamellae

Perforating (Volkmann’) canals

Channels that pierce the central canals horizontally. Containing neurovascular bundles

Interstitial Lamellae (system)

Remnants of lamellae not circling the central canal

Canaliculi

Small diffusion channels for nutrients and gas exchange

Sutural Bones

Small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull.

Flat bones

Have thin, parallel surfaces. Form roof of the skull, sternum, ribs, and the scapulae. Provides protection for underlying soft tissue and muscle. ( also where muscle can attach)

Irregular Bones

Have short, flat notched or ridged surfaces. Exp vertebrae, pelvis bones, some skull bones

Long bones

Long and slender

Short bones

Boxlike in appearance.

Sesamoid Bones

Small, round and flat. Near hands, knees , and feet.

Foramen

Optic Foramen, foramen magnum, and mental foramina

Fissure

Superior and inferior orbital fissure

Meatus / Canal

External auditory Meatus

Fossa

Mandibular Fossa; glenoid fossa

Process

Coronoid process (mandible); styloid process (temporal bone) ; spinous process (vertebra)

Tubercle

Rib tubercle; conoid tubercle of clavicle

Facet

Articular facet (vertebra)

Angle

Mandibular angle; scapular angles

Condyle

Occipital condyles; mandibular condyle (condylar process)

Fossa

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone; glenoid fossa

Spine

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS); Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS); Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

tuberosity

Ischial tuberosity; iliac tuberosity

Structure 1

Skull

The Cranial Bone has

Eight bones

Occipital Bone

Posterior hear, base of the skull

External Occipital Protuberance

The bump on the posterior side

Foramen Magnum

Large hole for the spinal cord to pass through

Frontal Bone

Forehead

Supraorbital margin

Ridge of bones above each eye

Supraorbital foramen

Hole above the supraorbital margin

Parietal Bones

Form part of the sidewall and roof of the cranium

Coronal Suture

Junction between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

Sagittal Suture

Junction between 2 parietal bones

Squamous Suture

Junction between temporal bone and parietal bone

Lambdoidal Suture

Junction between 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone

Temporal Bones

Form part of the sidewall of the cranium, the temple

External Auditory Meatus

Ear canal

Styloid Process

Elongated, pin-lake process on inferior side

Mastoid Process

Large bony mass inferior and posterior to ear

Mandibular Fossa

Articulates with the mandibular condyles on mandible

Zygomatic Process

Projection of temporal bone

Sphenoid

Irregular bone on the floor of the cranium, looks like a “Bat”

Optic Foramen (Canal)

Hole for the optic nerve to pass through towards each eye

Sella turcica

Saddle like structure on superior surface (pituitary gland sits here)

Greater and Lesser Wings

Large and small wing like structures which help form the floor of the cranium

Superior orbital fissure

Large slits which can be seen in the eye sockets, it is between th greater and lesser wings

Inferior orbital fissure

Smaller slits, also seen in the eye sockets just inferior to the superior orbital fissures

Ethmoid

Irregular bone anterior to sphenoid and between the eyes

Crista galli

Bony projection on superior surface

Cribriform plate

Horizontal plate on the superior surface that is perforated with many small holes for the olfactory nerve

Middle nasal concha

Not a named bone, but a part of the ethmoid bone. Above inferior nasal concha

Superior nasal concha

Not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above
middle nasal conch

Perpendicular plate

Inferior plate that divides the nasal cavity

Orbital plate

Smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets

How many bones does the facial bone have

14

Mandible

Lower Jaw

Ramus

Vertical projection on each side

Condylar process

Rounded projections on the superior surface of the rami

Coronoid process

Flat process on the superior surface of the rami

Body

Chin area

Mandibular Angle

Where body and rami meet

Mental Foramen (foramina)

Hole(s) penetration body on each side of chin

Mandibular notch

Depression that lies between condylar and coronoid processes

Maxilla

Upper Jaw

Infraorbital foramen

Hole that penetrates the orbital rim

Zygomatic bones

Cheek bones

Temporal Process

Nasal Bone

Forms bridge of the nose

Lacrimal bones

Located on medial wall of socket

Lacrimal fosaa

Deep groove on anterior/medial surface (tear duct or lacrimal duct)

Palatine Bones

Form roof of mouth and wall of nasal cavity

Vomer

In nasal cavity, forms lower portion of nasal septum

Inferior Nasal Concha

Hyoid

Horse-shoe bone only facial bone not connected to the skull

how many thoracic joints are there

twelve

Temporomandibular joint

TMJ combines plane joint and hinge diarthorsis

Atlanto-occipital joint

Flexion-extension

Atlanto-axial joint

Pivots joint only permits rotation

Intervertebral joint

A fibrocartilage pad between the bodies of successive vertebrae that absorbs shocks

Sternoclavicular joint

Protracration/reaction/evelation/ depression, slight rotation