Skeletal System

4 parts of skeletal system

Bones, tendons & ligaments, cartilage, joints

5 functions of skeletal system

Provide structure

Work with muscular system - movement

Protection

Blood cell formation

Store minerals/fats

Where do blood cells form in adults and infants

bone marrow

adult - flat bones

infants - long bones

Describe compact bone

usually around the outside

homogeneous

high in calcium salts

Describe spongy bone

located towards the center

open spaces throughout

Diaphysis

“Shaft” mostly compact bone, contains bone marrow and blood vessels

Epiphysis

“Head” mostly spongy with thinner layer of compact and blood vessels

Periosteum

“skin of bone” extra layer on connective tissue most often only in the diaphysis

Sharpey’s

holds periosteum onto compact bone

Meduallary Cavity

Cavity that holds bone marrow, open space in diaphysis, houses bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow

storage of fats and minerals, increases as we age

Red bone marrow

blood cell formation

found in long bones in infants

hip bone and sternum in adults

Osteocyte

mature bone cells

osteoclast

bone destroying cells

osteblast

bone forming cells

Closed fracture

break in the bone that doesn’t penetrate the skin

Open fracture

break in the bone the penetrates the skin

Greenstick fracture

doesn’t break all the way through the bone, splinters and bends the bone

Comminuted fracture

bone broken into many pieces

depression fracture

bone is pressed inward

closed reduction

hand manipulation to put bone back into place

open reduction

surgery to realign bone and usually insert pins/plates

osteon

bone unit composed of cells and extra cellular matrix

Lacuna

cavity that houses the osteocytes

Haversian Canal (central)

inside all the lamella rings, houses blood vessles (vertical)

Lamella

ground matrix of bone tissue

rings on either side of bone cells

Volman’s canal (perforationg)

Connects osteons together for Blood vessels to run through

Canaliculus

runs from osteocytes to central canal

osification

bone growth

cartilage > bone

appositional growth

width growth in bones