The nucleus part 2
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/26
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
27 Terms
DNA structure compared to RNA
No -OH group on carbon 2
very stable
role: long term use
RNA structure compared to DNA
-OH group on carbon 2
not stable (very reactive)
role: short erm use
explain how nucleotides are joined together
a phosphodiester bond forms via a condensation reaction between the 5’ carbon of the sugar from one nucleotide to the 3’ carbon on the sugar of the next carbon
releasing one molecule of water
which direction do we read the DNA base sequence?
start from the 5’ to the 3’ end
why is the double helix shape of DNA useful?
it makes the DNA compact and very stable
how many hydrogen bonds between A and T?
2
how many hydrogen bonds between G-C?
3
describe the position of the DNA bases to the helix
The Base pairs are perpendicular to the axis of the helix.
One turn has how many base pairs?
10.4 base pairs
Label the major and minor grooves
What is the term for DNA wrapped around proteins in eukaryotic cells?
Chromatin
how many chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
therefore 46 chromosomes in total
how many chromosomes do gametes have?
23 in chromosomes in total
how many homologous and non homologous pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
22 homologous pairs
1 non-homologous pair (XY or XX sex chromosome)
how many nucleotide pairs of DNA does the human genome contain?
3.1 x 10^9 nucleotide pairs
compare Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
Label this diagram of the nucleus
label this diagram of the chromosome
what is a nucleosome amde of?
8 histone proteins (called a histone octamer) That is 2 each of: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4
147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it
It wraps 1.7 turns around this protein core
what are nucleosomes separated by?
linker DNA
what are the 4 core histones?
H2A, H2B, H3 & H4
which 2 histones form dimers?
H2A and H2B
what is the function of dimers?
they interact with the DNA within the nucleosome, stabilising its structure
which 2 histones form tetramers?
H3 and H4
what is the function of tetramers?
are involved in DNA wrapping and interactions with other nucleosomes
what are the 2 linker histones?
H1 and H5
As DNA is being compacted to form a chromosome state 5 the different structures it forms in order. include measurements.
