Peace and Conflict Exam 1

Direct violence

random or intentional physical injuries; killing, beating, torture, verbal and physical abuse, imprisonment

Structural violence

violence that is built into the structure of society; poverty, hunger; discrimination

Cultural violence

violence that is linked to structural or direct violence; hatred, fear, suspicion, symbols of discrimination

Negative peace

the absence of violence with a focus on direct violence

Positive peace

peace reached by addressing the root causes of conflict with a focus on structural and cultural violence

Terrorism

violent actions inflicted upon secondary targets that may be conducted by an individual, group, or government with wider purpose of attracting attention, gaining support, or forcing concessions of the primary target on personal or political issues; a tactic with no formal definition internationally

Power Politics

Nathan Funk’s approach to peace through coercive power; realism

World Order

Nathan Funk’s approach to peace through power of law; cooperation is possible; liberalism

Conflict resolution

Nathan Funk’s approach to peace Peace through the development of skills for analyzing conflicts and responding to them with effective strategies of communication and negotiation; macro level structural issues

Non-Violence

Nathan Funk’s approach to peace through willpower; no unjust/immoral actions

Transformation

Nathan Funk’s approach to peace through the power of love; education, cultural change, inner change

Conflict

Confrontation between one or more parties aspiring towards incompatible or competitive means and/or ends

Conflict management

Interventionalist efforts towards preventing an escalation and negative effects of ongoing conflicts

Conflict resolution

Approaches aimed at solving conflicts through constructive solving of problems distinct from the management or transformation of conflict

Peacebuilding

Policies and programs and associated efforts to restore stability and the effectiveness of institutions in the wake of conflict

death, scarcity

The costs of conflict are _____ and _____

Bottom Billion

The idea that greed is the main source of conflict and that countries with larger wage gaps tend to generate more conflict and civil war. This cycle of conflict and poverty can be escaped through policies of international action

Collier

Author of the Bottom Billion

Huntington

______’s Theory states that cultural difference is the main source of conflict

Anarchy

according to Neo-realists, The lack of global authority in international politics

Interstate

_____ conflict: A conflict involving 2 or more countrie

Non-violent

____ Actions include: Sanctions, Protests, Persuasion, Non-cooperation, and interventions

elections, low

the politically insecure elites use military force abroad Before ______ or times when domestic political support is _____

True

There is no formal measure of conflict

Peace

The ways to measure _____ include: Number of programs, Democracy, Transparency,  Internationality, Social security/well being, Militarization, Demographics, Education, Culture

intra-state

The reasons for ______ conflicts include Changing government, Identity conflict, and Fractions

inter-state

The reasons for _____ conflict include Regional, Religious, and  Resources

level of analysis

A framework for classifying different casual factors influencing the policies and actions of states and other actors

International System

The part of the level of analysis framework where government and society on a global level is represented by things like environmental restrictions, and on the regional level is represented by things like diaspora and intervention

State Level

The part of the level of analysis framework Dealing with social, economic, and political sectors; vertically represented by ethnic roots of conflict and horizontally represented by classist roots of conflict

Individual level

The part of the level of analysis framework that explains the foreign policy decisions made by leaders

System level

The part of the level of analysis framework Dealing with casual variables and how states respond to each other’s actions and how they act in anticipation of each other’s responses