ANS 2140L Growth and Development

What happens during determinant growth?

Body grows up to a certain point then ceases.

What happens during indeterminant growth?

Growth continues throughout life time

What defines development?

A change in form and function

What is cellular differentiation?

The process by which a cell becomes specialized.

What is morphogenesis?

The development of shapes and patterns in an animal

What is morphology?

The study of form and structure

What is fertilization?

The combining of a sperm and ovum

What is the zona pellucida?

A protective layer that surrounds and protects the mammalian oocyte. This is what the sperm must penetrate to fertilize.

What is blastulation?

Conversion of morula into the blastocyst.

What is a blastocyst?

Hollow ball one cell layer thick

What layer is the trophoblast and what does it make up?

The outer layer. it makes up the outermost layer of the placenta.

What is the inner cell mass?

What develops into the embryo. Small group of cells under the trophoblast

What is the blastocoelo cavity and what does it do?

Inner part of the blastocyst that provides nutrients to the growing embryos

What happens during gastrulation?

The endoderm and ectoderm form

What does the endoderm form?

Lungs, liver, pancreas

What does the mesoderm form?

Muscle, repro system, heart, and connective tissue

What is the ectoderm?

Forms epidermis and nervous system

How long does the embryo stage last?

From implantation through organ system formation

When does the fetus stage occur?

Once functioning organs are developed to birth.

What are the characteristics of the period of the ovum?

From fertilization to implantation. Cell division occurring.

What are the characteristics of period of the embryo?

Begins with gastrulation. Formation of specific organs and tissues occurs. Characterized by hyperplasia

What are the characteristics of period of the fetus?

Maturation of organ function. Increase in weight and need for nutrients. Mostly hypertrophic growth.

What does ontogeny mean?

Life history or life span

What does teratology mean?

The study of malformations

What does totipotent mean?

The capability of one cell to develop into any tissue type.

What does pluripotent mean?

Cells of the inner cell mass that can develop into the whole fetus.

What happens at 22 hours of an eggs development?

The formation of a head begins

What happens at 42 hours of an eggs development?

A heart beat starts

What happens at day 8 of egg development?

The beginning of feather formation

What happens at 13 days of egg development?

Appearance of scales and claws

What happens at 18 days of egg development?

Pulmonary surfactant begins to be produced

How long does an egg incubate?

21 days