MOINA - BACK

SUPERFICIAL AND INTERMEDIATE LAYERS

EXTRINSIC MUSCLE GROUP

-aids upper limb and respiration

DEEP LAYER

INTRINSIC MUSCLE GROUP

-movement and stabilization of vertebral column

superficial - spinotransversales

SPLENIUS

intermediate - erector spinae

ILIOCOSTALIS

LONGISSIMUS

SPINALIS

deep - transversospinales

SEMISPINALIS

MULTIFUNDUS

ROTATORES

M - SPLENIUS

SPLENIUS CAPITIS (LEFT); SPLENIUS CERVICIS (RIGHT)

O - SPLENIUS

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

I - SPLENIUS CAPITIS

fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

I - SPLENIUS CERVICIS

tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae

N - SPLENIUS

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A - SPLENIUS

unilateral - laterally flex and rotate the cervical spine on the same side

bilateral - extension of cervical spine (head and neck)

O - ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES

broad tendon from the posterior part of the iliac crest

posterior surface of the sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligaments

I - ILIOCOSTALIS (erector spinae muscle) [lumborum, thoracis, cervicis]

superiorly to the angles of lower rubs and cervical transverse processes

I - LONGISIMUS (erector spinae muscle) [thoracic, cervicis, capitis]

superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process of temporal bones

I - SPINALIS (erector spinae muscle) [thoracic, cervicis, capitis]

superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium

N - ERRECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A - ERRECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES

unilateral - laterally flexes vertebral column

bilateral - extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction

O - SEMISPINALIS

transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae

I - SEMISPINALIS

run superiomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments

N - SEMISPINALIS

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A - SEMISPINALIS

O -MULTIFUNDUS

posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine of the ilium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7

I -MULTIFUNDUS

thickest in lumbar region; fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes, located 2-4 segments superior to origin

N -MULTIFUNDUS

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A -MULTIFUNDUS

stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

O -ROTATORES (brevis and longus)

transverse processes of vertebrae, best developed in thoracic region

I -ROTATORES (brevis and longus)

pass superomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process of vertebra immediately (brevis)

2 segments (longus) superior to vertebra of attachments

N -ROTATORES (brevis and longus)

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A -ROTATORES (brevis and longus)

stabilizes vertebrae

assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column

may function as organs of proprioception