Grade 12 - Unit 2: A Multicultural World (Emprie)

authentic local cuisine /ɔːˈθen.tɪk ˈləʊ.kl̩ kwɪˈziːn/ (collocation)

(1) traditional food and cooking style specific to a region - ẩm thực địa phương chính thống. eg: Central Vietnam is famous for its [______], which features spicy flavors and fresh herbs.

sample/savor the cuisine /ˈsɑːm.pl̩ ðə kwɪˈziːn/ (collocation)

(1) sample: thử món; savor: thưởng thức/nhấm nháp hương vị ẩm thực - patterns: sample/savor the local cuisine. eg: Foreign visitors love to [______] of street night markets.

ask for/sign an autograph /ɑːsk fɔːr ən ˈɔː.tə.ɡrɑːf/ (collocation)

(1) ask for: xin chữ ký; sign: ký tặng chữ ký (người nổi tiếng) - patterns: ask for/sign an autograph. eg: Enthusiastic fans waited in line for hours to [______] from their favorite author.

buy/keep as a souvenir /baɪ æz ə ˌsuː.vəˈnɪər/ (collocation)

(1) buy: mua làm quà lưu niệm; keep: giữ lại làm kỷ niệm - patterns: buy/keep sth as a souvenir. eg: She bought a handmade silk scarf to [______] of her trip to Hanoi.

definitive guide/answer /dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv ɡaɪd/ (collocation)

(1) a final, authoritative, and conclusive guide or answer - cuốn cẩm nang/câu trả lời dứt khoát và chuẩn xác nhất. eg: The professor published the [______] on ancient Southeast Asian civilizations.

show somebody around /ʃəʊ ˈsʌm.bə.di əˈraʊnd/ (phrasal verb)

(1) to act as a guide for someone visiting a place for the first time - dẫn ai đó đi tham quan xung quanh. eg: Our local friends offered to [______] the historical old quarter.

perform traditional bamboo dancing /pəˈfɔːm træˈdɪʃ.ən.əl bæmˈbuː ˈdɑːn.sɪŋ/ (collocation)

(1) to carry out the cultural dance between rhythmically clapped bamboo poles - biểu diễn điệu múa sạp truyền thống. eg: Ethnic minority artists [______] to welcome foreign delegates.

participate in a tug of war /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt ɪn ə tʌɡ əv wɔːr/ (collocation)

(1) to take part in the rope-pulling athletic contest - tham gia trò chơi kéo co. eg: Villages organize festive sports where young people eagerly [______].

strengthen community bonds/ties /ˈstreŋ.θən kəˈmjuː.nə.ti bɒndz/ (collocation)

(1) to make relationships and connections within a community stronger - thắt chặt/củng cố mối liên kết cộng đồng. eg: Traditional cultural festivals help [______] across generations.

strengthen international cooperation /ˈstreŋ.θən ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) to enhance diplomatic or cultural collaboration between nations - củng cố/tăng cường hợp tác quốc tế. eg: Bilateral youth exchange programs [______] in education.

observe/follow local customs /əbˈzɜːv ˈləʊ.kl̩ ˈkʌs.təmz/ (collocation)

(1) observe/follow: tuân thủ/làm theo phong tục tập quán địa phương - patterns: observe/follow local customs. eg: Responsible travelers always make an effort to [______] when visiting temples.

deeply-rooted customs /ˌdiːp.li ˈruː.tɪd ˈkʌs.təmz/ (collocation)

(1) traditions that have been established for a very long time - phong tục tập quán ăn sâu bám rễ. eg: Modernization has not erased these [______] of respecting village elders.

have an impact on /hæv ən ˈɪm.pækt ɒn/ (collocation)

(1) to produce a marked effect or influence upon something - có tác động/ảnh hưởng đến điều gì. eg: Globalization continues to [______] traditional craft villages.

profound/significant impact /prəˈfaʊnd ˈɪm.pækt/ (collocation)

(1) an extremely deep or important effect - tác động sâu sắc/to lớn. eg: The introduction of social media has had a [______] cultural communication.

be captivated by /biː ˈkæp.tɪ.veɪ.tɪd baɪ/ (pattern)

(1) to be completely charmed, fascinated, or held by beauty - bị thu hút/mê hoặc bởi điều gì. eg: Foreign spectators were totally [______] the graceful folk dance performances.

essential/fresh ingredients /ɪˈsen.ʃəl ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənts/ (collocation)

(1) basic, necessary, and unprocessed food items - các nguyên liệu thiết yếu/tươi ngon. eg: Authentic Mediterranean cooking relies on simple, [______] like olive oil and garlic.

identify with /aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ wɪð/ (phrasal verb)

(1) to feel that you understand or share the feelings of someone - đồng cảm/nhận diện mình với ai. eg: Immigrant children often struggle to [______] their parents' traditional values.

remote/mountainous region /rɪˈməʊt ˈriː.dʒən/ (collocation)

(1) an area located far from major urban centers - vùng sâu vùng xa/vùng miền núi. eg: Traditional customs are best preserved in the [______] of northern Vietnam.

unique cultural identity /juːˈniːk ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl aɪˈden.tə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) the distinctive and incomparable heritage of a community - bản sắc văn hóa độc đáo. eg: Every ethnic group strives to maintain its [______] in a globalized era.

international cultural exchange /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ (collocation)

(1) mutual sharing of customs and arts across borders - giao lưu văn hóa quốc tế. eg: The annual music festival serves as a platform for [______].

in respect of /ɪn rɪˈspekt əv/ (phrase)

(1) with reference to; in terms of - xét về khía cạnh, liên quan đến. eg: The two communities differ widely [______] their wedding rituals and folklore.

local/regional speciality /ˈləʊ.kl̩ ˌspeʃ.iˈæl.ə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) a food or product that a specific region is famous for - đặc sản địa phương/vùng miền. eg: Bun bo Hue is a renowned [______] that every tourist tries.

cross-cultural communication /ˌkrɒs ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) interaction between people from differing cultural backgrounds - giao tiếp đa văn hóa. eg: Global business managers must master effective [______] to resolve conflicts.

cultural richness /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈrɪtʃ.nəs/ (collocation)

(1) the abundant diversity and depth of heritage and traditions - sự phong phú/giàu có về văn hóa. eg: International tourists admire the extraordinary [______] of Southeast Asian festivals.

appreciate cultural diversity /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) to recognize the full worth and value of differing traditions - trân trọng sự đa dạng văn hóa. eg: Multi-ethnic school programs encourage students to [______].

blend traditional and modern elements /blend træˈdɪʃ.ən.əl ənd ˈmɒd.ən ˈel.ɪ.mənts/ (collocation)

(1) to combine heritage styles with contemporary features - pha trộn các yếu tố truyền thống và hiện đại. eg: The new architecture succeeds in [______] to create a striking museum.

express cultural/national identity /ɪkˈspres ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl aɪˈden.tə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) to display or celebrate one's heritage through arts or clothing - thể hiện bản sắc văn hóa/dân tộc. eg: Wearing the traditional ao dai during celebrations is a proud way to [______].

build/demonstrate solidarity /bɪld ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) build: xây dựng; demonstrate: thể hiện tình đoàn kết/gắn bó - patterns: build/demonstrate solidarity among/with sb. eg: Community festivals are organized to [______] among diverse social groups.

preserve/lose cultural identity /prɪˈzɜːv ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl aɪˈden.tə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) preserve: giữ gìn; lose: đánh mất bản sắc văn hóa - patterns: preserve/lose cultural identity. eg: Immigrant communities make great efforts to [______] while adapting to their new home.

promote multiculturalism /prəˈməʊt ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl.ɪ.zəm/ (collocation)

(1) to support the peaceful coexistence of varied cultural groups - thúc đẩy chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa. eg: Modern government policies actively [______] to ensure equal rights for all races.

assimilate into the mainstream culture /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt ˈɪn.tuː ðə ˈmeɪn.striːm ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (collocation)

(1) to become absorbed into the dominant cultural group - đồng hóa/hòa nhập vào nền văn hóa chủ lưu. eg: First-generation immigrants often found it difficult to completely [______].

integrate into society /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt ˈɪn.tuː səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) to participate fully and equally in the community - hòa nhập vào xã hội. eg: Language education programs help newly arrived refugees [______] smoothly.

process of acculturation /ˈprəʊ.ses əv əˌkʌl.tʃərˈeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) the gradual cultural modification of an individual or group by adapting to traits from another culture - quá trình tiếp biến văn hóa. eg: The [______] occurs naturally when international students study abroad for years.

intercultural dialogue/competence /ˌɪn.təˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈdaɪ.ə.lɒɡ/ (collocation)

(1) open discussion or skill in interacting across cultural lines - đối thoại/năng lực liên văn hóa. eg: Fostering sincere [______] is key to resolving international misunderstandings.

religious/spiritual beliefs /rɪˈlɪdʒ.əs bɪˈliːfs/ (collocation)

(1) deeply held principles of faith - niềm tin tôn giáo/tâm linh. eg: In a pluralistic society, people are free to practice their own [______].

common superstition /ˈkɒm.ən ˌsuː.pəˈstɪʃ.ən/ (collocation)

(1) a widely held irrational belief in supernatural influences - điều mê tín dị đoan phổ biến. eg: Walking under a ladder or breaking a mirror is considered bad luck in [______]s.

intangible cultural heritage /ɪnˈtæn.dʒə.bl̩ ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (collocation)

(1) traditions, folklore, and living expressions passed down through generations - di sản văn hóa phi vật thể. eg: UNESCO recognized the traditional folk singing as an [______].

tangible heritage /ˈtæn.dʒə.bl̩ ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (collocation)

(1) physical monuments, historic buildings, and artifacts - di sản vật thể. eg: Ancient stone temples represent the irreplaceable [______] of the kingdom.

preserve cultural heritage /prɪˈzɜːv ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (collocation)

(1) to protect and keep safe historical and traditional practices - bảo tồn di sản văn hóa. eg: Local youth are taught traditional folk songs to help [______].

deep-rooted prejudice/tradition /ˌdiːp ˈruː.tɪd ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/ (collocation)

(1) firmly established and difficult to eradicate - định kiến/truyền thống bám rễ sâu xa. eg: Educational campaigns aim to eliminate [______] against minority communities.

face/eliminate racial discrimination /feɪs ˈreɪ.ʃəl dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) face: đối mặt với; eliminate: xóa bỏ nạn phân biệt chủng tộc - patterns: face/eliminate racial discrimination. eg: Human rights organizations fight tirelessly to [______] in housing and employment.

ethnic minority group /ˈeθ.nɪk maɪˈnɒr.ə.ti ɡruːp/ (collocation)

(1) a group within a community which has different national or cultural traditions from the main population - nhóm dân tộc thiểu số. eg: Vietnam is home to 54 distinct groups, including diverse [______]s.

indigenous culture/people /ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (collocation)

(1) people or traditions originating naturally in a particular region - văn hóa/người bản địa. eg: The government enacted legal frameworks to protect the ancestral lands of [______].

mingle with someone /ˈmɪŋ.ɡl̩ wɪð ˈsʌm.wʌn/ (pattern)

(1) to move among and chat with different people at a social gathering - hòa lẫn/giao lưu với ai. eg: At international student welcoming parties, everyone is encouraged to [______] their peers.

mainstream culture/society /ˈmeɪn.striːm ˈkʌl.tʃər/ (collocation)

(1) the ideas, attitudes, or activities shared by the majority of people - văn hóa/xã hội chủ lưu. eg: Alternative subcultures often influence the [______] in unexpected ways.

exert an influence on /ɪɡˈzɜːt ən ˈɪn.flu.əns ɒn/ (collocation)

(1) to use power or authority to affect someone or something - tạo ra/gây ảnh hưởng lên ai/cái gì. eg: K-pop fashion and entertainment continue to [______] Asian teenagers.

reflect cultural values /rɪˈflekt ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈvæl.juːz/ (collocation)

(1) to show, mirror, or express the core principles of a society - phản ánh các giá trị văn hóa. eg: Traditional folklore tales faithfully [______] of honesty, loyalty, and filial piety.

can be inferred from /kæn biː ɪnˈfɜːd frɒm/ (pattern)

(1) can be deduced or concluded from indirect evidence - có thể được suy luận/rút ra từ. eg: It [______] the text that the ancient dynasty placed immense value on hospitality.

hybrid cultural form /ˈhaɪ.brɪd ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl fɔːm/ (collocation)

(1) something created by combining two different cultural styles - dạng thức văn hóa lai tạp/kết hợp. eg: Fusion cuisine has developed into a popular [______] blending Eastern and Western tastes.

modify customs/behavior /ˈmɒd.ɪ.faɪ ˈkʌs.təmz/ (collocation)

(1) to make slight changes to habits or traditions to fit a new context - sửa đổi/điều chỉnh phong tục hoặc hành vi. eg: Immigrants often [______] their daily dining habits to suit the local schedule.

adopt a custom/lifestyle /əˈdɒpt ə ˈkʌs.təm/ (collocation)

(1) to choose to take up and follow a tradition or way of living - tiếp nhận/tiếp thu một phong tục hay lối sống. eg: Foreigners living in Vietnam often [______] of celebrating the Lunar New Year.

undergo a cultural transformation /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ ə ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) to experience a complete and marked change in customs and values - trải qua một sự chuyển đổi văn hóa. eg: The nation has [______]ed [______] with the rapid spread of modern internet media.

intangible heritage/values /ɪnˈtæn.dʒə.bl̩ ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (collocation)

(1) traditional practices, skills, and values that are not physical objects - các giá trị/di sản phi vật thể. eg: Ancient festivals carry immense [______] that foster communal pride.

maintain cultural heritage/ties /meɪnˈteɪn ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (collocation)

(1) to preserve and keep alive traditional practices or connections - duy trì di sản/mối liên hệ văn hóa. eg: Overseas diaspora communities meet annually to [______] with their homeland.

spread rapidly/widely /spred ˈræp.ɪd.li/ (collocation)

(1) to become distributed or known over a large area - lan tỏa nhanh chóng/rộng khắp. eg: The popularity of Vietnamese coffee has [______] to metropolitan cities worldwide.

experience culture shock /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.əns ˈkʌl.tʃə ʃɒk/ (collocation)

(1) to feel disorientation and anxiety when experiencing an unfamiliar culture - trải qua cú sốc văn hóa. eg: Exchange students often [______] during their first semester abroad.

bridge/narrow the cultural gap /brɪdʒ ðə ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ɡæp/ (collocation)

(1) bridge/narrow: thu hẹp/làm cầu nối khoảng cách văn hóa - patterns: bridge/narrow the cultural gap. eg: Community food fairs act as a catalyst to [______] between immigrant and host communities.

melting pot /ˈmel.tɪŋ pɒt/ (idiom)

(1) a place where different peoples, styles, and cultures blend together into one - nồi lẩu văn hóa / sự hòa tan văn hóa. eg: New York City has historically been described as a cultural [______].

salad bowl /ˈsæl.əd bəʊl/ (idiom)

(1) a multicultural society where people of different cultures retain their distinct identities - mô hình bát xà lách (các văn hóa cùng chung sống nhưng giữ nguyên bản sắc riêng). eg: Modern sociologists prefer the [______] metaphor over the melting pot model.

step out of one's comfort zone /step aʊt əv wʌnz ˈkʌm.fət zəʊn/ (idiom)

(1) to push oneself to experience unfamiliar or challenging situations - bước ra khỏi vùng an toàn. eg: Traveling alone forces you to [______] and learn to communicate with locals.

a pipe dream /ə paɪp driːm/ (idiom)

(1) an unrealistic hope, scheme, or fantasy that is impossible to achieve - giấc mơ viển vông, điều không tưởng. eg: Without true equality and institutional reform, genuine multiculturalism remains [______].

a long row to hoe /ə lɒŋ rəʊ tuː həʊ/ (idiom)

(1) a difficult, arduous, and lengthy task remaining ahead - một hành trình dài đầy gian nan thử thách. eg: Dismantling systemic racial discrimination across society is still [______].