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250 Terms
What is the name of this artwork?
Lion-Human
What is this artwork made out of?
Mammoth ivory sculpture
When was this artwork created?
c. 30,000–26,000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Southern Germany
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
A human-animal hybrid; may reflect spiritual beliefs or mythmaking, but its exact purpose is unknown.
What is the name of this artwork?
Woman from Willendorf (Venus)
What is this artwork made out of?
Limestone sculpture
When was this artwork created?
c. 24,000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Austria
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Exaggerated body features may relate to fertility, abundance, or survival; its exact meaning is unknown.
What is the name of this artwork?
Chauvet Cave (Lion Panel, Long-Eared Owl, Red Dots)
What is this artwork made out of?
Paint on limestone
When was this artwork created?
c. 32,000–30,000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
France
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Animals may have held spiritual or ritual importance; the cave’s exact use and the images’ meanings remain uncertain.
What is the name of this artwork?
Lascaux Cave (Bird-Headed Man with Bison)
What is this artwork made out of?
Paint on limestone
When was this artwork created?
c. 15,000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
France
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
The unusual human figure and bison may relate to ritual, myth, or hunting beliefs; no interpretation is certain.
What is the name of this artwork?
Pech-Merle Cave (Spotted Horses and Human Hands)
What is this artwork made out of?
Paint on limestone
When was this artwork created?
25,000–15,000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
France
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Horses and hand stencils may have had symbolic or ritual significance; their precise meaning is unknown.
What is the name of this artwork?
Stele Code of Hammurabi
What is this artwork made out of?
Engraved black basalt stele
When was this artwork created?
1792–1750 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Babylonia, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Shows Hammurabi (King) receiving authority from the sun god (Shanash), with “eye for an eye” and judgments engravings.
What is the name of this artwork?
Oracle Bone
What is this artwork made out of?
Carved and branded ox scapula
When was this artwork created?
16th century BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
China, Late Shang Dynasty
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Used in divination: questions were inscribed, heated, and interpreted through cracks to seek ancestral or divine guidance.
What is the name of this artwork?
Victory Stele of King Naram-Sin
What is this artwork made out of?
Pink limestone monument
When was this artwork created?
c. 2220–2184 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Akkadian Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Celebrates the king’s military victory and presents him as a powerful, near-divine ruler above Lullubi mountain people.
What is the name of this artwork?
Bronze Head of an Akkadian Ruler from Nineveh
What is this artwork made out of?
Bronze sculpture
When was this artwork created?
c. 2340–2284 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Nineveh, Akkadian Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Idealized royal portraiture communicates authority and power; deliberate damage may have symbolically rejected the ruler.
What is the name of this artwork?
Palette of Narmer
What is this artwork made out of?
Slate
When was this artwork created?
c. 3000 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Egypt, 1st Dynasty
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Commemorates royal power and the unification of Egypt, showing King Narmer defeating enemies and maintaining order.
What is the name of this artwork?
Great Pyramids and Sphinx of Giza
What is this artwork made out of?
Limestone monuments; pyramidion originally gilt
When was this artwork created?
c. 2575–2525 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Giza, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
The pyramids served as royal tombs to honor pharaohs and ensure their eternal journey into the afterlife; the Sphinx likely guarded the funerary complex and embodied royal power.
What is the name of this artwork?
Statue of Khafre (Chephren)
What is this artwork made out of?
Diorite sculpture
When was this artwork created?
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty
Where was this artwork found or created?
Giza, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Presents the pharaoh as eternal, ideal, and divinely protected, reinforcing kingship and continuity after death.
What is the name of this artwork?
Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
What is this artwork made out of?
Limestone architecture
When was this artwork created?
c. 1478–1458 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Deir el-Bahri, near Thebes, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Honors the queen and god Amun-Re, supporting her divine legitimacy as ruler through its setting, terraces, and religious program.
What is the name of this artwork?
Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut
What is this artwork made out of?
Granite
When was this artwork created?
c. 1478–1458 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Deir el-Bahri, near Thebes, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Shows the queen, depicted as a male, offering maat (truth, order, justice) to the god Amun-Re, presenting her as a legitimate pharaoh fulfilling sacred duties.
What is the name of this artwork?
Statue of the Seated Scribe
What is this artwork made out of?
Painted limestone, inlaid eyes, and wooden nipples
When was this artwork created?
c. 2620–2500 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Saqqara, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Highlights the importance and status of scribes, whose literacy and administrative skills supported Egyptian government.
What is the name of this artwork?
Votive Cow, Eye, and Ear
What is this artwork made out of?
Bronze or copper alloy
When was this artwork created?
c. 1479–1458 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Deir el-Bahri, Egypt
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Dedicated offerings that may ask a deity for healing or help, or express thanks for divine attention.
What is the name of this artwork?
Standing Male Worshiper
What is this artwork made out of?
Alabaster and shell
When was this artwork created?
c. 2900–2600 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar), Mesopotamia
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Represents a worshiper (donor votive) in perpetual prayer before a deity; beard connects enlarged eyes, suggesting constant alertness and devotion, and hands.
What is the name of this artwork?
Terracotta Army
What is this artwork made out of?
Painted terracotta
When was this artwork created?
c. 221–210 BCE; Qin Dynasty
Where was this artwork found or created?
Xi’an, China
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Guarded the first emperor in the afterlife, reflecting his authority and belief in continuing power after death.
What is the name of this artwork?
Tomb of the Marquise of Dai
What is this artwork made out of?
Silk and ink
When was this artwork created?
c. 180 BCE; Han Dynasty
Where was this artwork found or created?
China
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
Bottom (mourning half) — first portrait
Middle — bi disks
Top (heaven’s gate) — death + continuation
What is the name of this artwork?
King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and Queen
What is this artwork made out of?
Grey sandstone
When was this artwork created?
c. 2490–2472 BCE
Where was this artwork found or created?
Egypt, 4th Dynasty
What is the meaning or significance of this artwork?
symbolizes Ma’at (god of balance), eternal royal power (connection between living and dead), marital or divine unity, and a secure passage into the afterlife (one foot forward — funerary).