Year 10 Motion Outcomes

Vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts, laws of motion, units, and scientific inquiry skills from Year 10 Motion Outcomes.

Physics

The study of matter, energy, and how they interact.

S.I. Unit for Distance

Metres ($\text{m}$).

S.I. Unit for Time

Seconds ($\text{s}$).

S.I. Unit for Speed

Metres per second ($\text{m/s}$).

Speed Formula

$$\text{speed} = \frac{\text{distance}}{\text{time}}$$

Acceleration

The change in velocity over time, measured in units of metres per second squared ($\text{m/s}^2$).

Newton’s First Law of Motion

An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes to its state of motion, exemplified by passengers continuing in motion when a vehicle turns a corner or stops, requiring seat belts and helmets.

Newton (unit)

The standard unit of measurement for force ($\text{N}$).

Kilogram

The standard unit of measurement for mass ($\text{kg}$).

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object, expressed as $F = ma$.

Net Force

The overall force acting on an object, calculated using vector addition, including situations where forces act perpendicularly.

Independent Variable

The variable that is systematically changed or manipulated during an investigation.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured in an investigation to determine the effect of changing the independent variable.

Controlled Variables

The variables that must be kept constant throughout an experiment to ensure valid results.

Outlier

A data point that differs significantly from other observations in repeated trials and is ignored when calculating averages.

Reliability

The consistency and repeatability of results obtained across multiple experimental trials.

Validity

The extent to which an investigation correctly tests the hypothesis and measures what it intended, achieved by controlling all relevant variables.

Change in Velocity

Calculated as $\text{final velocity} - \text{initial velocity}$.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

When object A exerts a force on object B, object B will exert a force of equal size and opposite direction on object A.

Momentum

A physical quantity related to the mass and velocity of an object.