Weight and Balance & Cold Weather Corrections

What is OEW?

Operational Empty Weight

Empty weight prepared for operational services

- Aircraft

- Operating crew and baggage

- Unusable fuel

- Oil

- Seats

What is DOW?

Dry Operating Weight

Weight of aircraft ready for flight, excluding

- Usable fuel

- Payload

What is ZFW?

Zero Fuel Weight

DOW + Payload

What is payload?

Aka traffic load

Passengers, baggage and freight

What is LW?

Landing Weight

ZFW + Reserves

What is TOW?

Takeoff Weight

LW + Trip fuel OR

ZFW + Takeoff fuel

What limits an aircraft?

MRW - Maximum Ramp Weight

MTOW - Maximum Takeoff Weight

MZFW - Maximum Zero Fuel Weight

MLW - Maximum Landing Weight

Why is there a MZFW?

Due to the bending between the wings and the fuselage

What is the gear resistance to landing for MTOW?

360ft/min vertical velocity

What is the gear resistance to landing for MLW?

600ft/min vertical velocity

How does CoG shift depending on where the fuel is put?

Fuel in centre tanks, moves forward

Fuel in wing tanks, shifts rearwards

What is the MAC?

Mean Aerodynamic Chord

Average chord length across the entire wing

How to find CoG as a percentage of the MAC?

100" MAC and CoG 20" from leading edge, CoG will be 20% of the MAC

Why do you have to do cold weather corrections?

Actual altitude will be less than what's indicated when temperatures are below the standard (dangerous)

When do you not correct altitudes?

- ATC assigned altitudes

- Temperatures reported above 0°C

- Altitudes in procedures with published temperature limits

How do you work out corrected altitude?

Table OR

True altitude = Indicated altitude x Temperature (K)/Standard Temperature (K)