radiation health effects

biological impact classification (2)

somatic and genetic effects

what do somatic effects refer to?

the effects to the irradiated individual (body)

somatic effect examples

• injuries to superficial tissue such as erythema or epilation

• induction of cancer such as leukemia

• cataract formation

• impaired fertility

• life span shortening

• injuries to the developing fetus or embryo

what do genetic effects refer to?

effected exhibited in future offspring of persons irradiated (inherited or genetic)

genetic effects examples

• microcephaly

• spina bifida

• blindness

• cleft palate

what RAD dose to the female gonads will cause temporary sterility?

300

what RAD dose to the male gonads will cause temporary sterility?

30

why could females handle a higher RAD dose to the gonads?

a females reproductive system organs are inside and are protected by other organs

what can ionization occurring from radiation interaction lead to?

permanent change in the tissue resulting in demonstrable biologic injury

linear non-threshold

any dose, no matter how small, will cause some degree of effect

what effect follows the non-threshold phenomenon?

genetic

what is radiation protection and regulatory guidelines based on?

non-threshold dose-effect relationship

linear threshold

a response of effect is not demonstrated until a certain level of exposure is reached

criteria of law of bergonie and tribondeau (3)

the radiosensitivity of tissues depends on:

• numbers of undifferentiated cells that the tissue contains

• the degree of mitotic activity in the tissue

• the length of time the cells of the tissue stay in active proliferation

based on the law of bergonie and tribondeau, what 3 things will be more radiosensitive than tissues whose cells have a slower renewal rate?

• blood forming organs (spleen and red blood marrow)

• gastrointestinal tissues

• developing embryo and fetus (especially during the 1st trimester)

least to most radiosensitive cell

1) lymphocytes

2) erthyrocytes

3) epithelial cells

4) endothelial cells

5) connective tissue cells

6) bone cells

7) nerve cells

8) brain cells

9) muscle cells

lymphocytes

white blood cells

erythrocytes

red blood cells

epithelial cells

lines surfaces of body

endothelial cells

lines inner surface of vessels

connective tissue cells

connects/binds/supports/separates other tissues and organs