POS2041: Test 2 Review

Which of the following does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

racial discrimination in public accommodations

*What is the foundation of current U.S. immigration policy?

admission of those in the most dire economic circumstances

In the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme Court held that __________.

he Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

*What was the effect of the 1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration Act that established immigration quotas based on national origin?

Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

Which of the following policies would be the most likely to be examined by the Supreme Court using the inherently suspect standard to determine its constitutionality?

Only African American students can attend a charter school that operates in an economically depressed neighborhood.

Which of the following best describes a policy agenda?

those issues that are actively being debated by government officials and other political actors at any given time

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?

Jim Crow laws

What technique is the key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?

random sampling

*How do Knowledge Networks ensure that their Internet surveys are accurate?

A representative sample is recruited via phone and incentivized to participate online.

*Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

How are the Supreme Court decisions in Korematsu v. United States(1944) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) similar?

Both decisions limited the civil rights of racial or ethnic minorities.

What is the status of women in the military?

Women have the same rights to serve in the military that men have.

*According to Russell Neuman, what is the "paradox of mass politics"?

The U.S. political system works as well as it does despite the public's lack of political knowledge.

What definition has the Supreme Court used to determine whether there is sexual harassment in the workplace?

a workplace environment that would reasonably be perceived as hostile or abusive

Top aides to President Clinton leaked his admission of an "inappropriate relationship" to the New York Times in order to gauge the public response to the revelation. Based on the public's reaction to this __________, Clinton went ahead and admitted the "inappropriate relationship" to the grand jury.

trial balloon

*Which of the following events had the largest impact on the change in the media from unchallenged acceptance of what politicians say to skepticism?

the Monica Lewinsky scandal

Which of these is an example of a broadcast news source?

ABC

*Trial balloons are used for which of the following?

drumming up support for a candidate or policy

*What does the Equal Pay Act of 1963 mandate?

Those in traditionally female occupations must receive the same pay as those in traditionally male occupations.

Why did Southern legislatures enact literacy tests?

to prevent African Americans from voting

*Which of the following is a form of conventional political participation?

calling one's representative to express an opinion about pending legislation

*What results from beat reporting?

Media companies save money by pooling resources.

*According to Morris Fiorina, which statement best describes the extent of a culture war in the United States?

While small groups of activists are engaged in a culture war, most Americans are fairly moderate.

Based on the Supreme Court's decision in Reed v. Reed, which of the following laws would most likely be overturned?

Men can vote at 17 years of age; women cannot vote until age 18.

The primary interest of publicly owned media is __________.

serving the public interest

What is demography?

the science of population changes

*How has technology affected news coverage?

Coverage has become more objective.

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?

a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

*The "minimal effects hypothesis" suggested that the media have a minimal effect on __________.

politicians' issue positions

Which of the following is an example of narrowcasting?

a TV channel's focus on a particular subject matter

The primary interest of most U.S. media is __________.

making a profit

*How do the inherently suspect and reasonable standards differ?

Under the inherently suspect standard, a law is presumed to be valid; under the reasonableness standard, a law is presumed to be invalid.

Which statement about the consumption of political news via television and newspapers is accurate?

Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

*What does the equal time rule mandate?

News broadcasts must be at least 30 minutes long to be considered a public service.

What is the main purpose of a media event?

to attract media coverage

To determine what percentage of families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools, what population needs to be sampled?

parents of school-age children

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?

Jim Crow laws

Many of the commercials that air during the nightly news broadcasts of ABC, CBS, and NBC seem to be for prescription drugs. What is the most plausible explanation for this fact?

Most people who watch these programs are quite elderly.

Which of the following generally increase with age?

political participation and strength of party attachment

When did women across the country achieve the constitutionally guaranteed right to vote?

decades after black males won the right to vote

What was reconstruction?

Question 41 options:

the period after the Civil War when the South was occupied by the federal government

Which of the following is a disadvantage of conducting a public opinion survey over the phone?

People are substantially less willing to participate in polls over the telephone than in person.

*What aspect of religion has the biggest influence on political ideology?

the degree to which religion is important in one's life

*Which statement about U.S. attitudes toward the scope of government is true?

A majority of Americans never think about the scope of government.

*Which of the following tends to be the focus of television news?

ordinary events

*How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?

It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

Which of the following happened during reconstruction?

Many African American men held state and federal offices.

Which news source do younger Americans consume at higher rates than older Americans do?

infotainment

*Someone who thinks that the United States should reorient its immigration policy toward enhancing economic development would be most in favor of granting an immigrant visa to which of the following people?

a former Syrian army officer who is now a refugee

An intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction it generates is called a(n) __________.

trial balloon

Based on the Supreme Court’s decision in Reed v. Reed, which of the following laws would most likely be overturned?

Men can vote at 17; women cannot vote until 18

What definition has the Supreme Court used to determine whether there is sexual harassment in the workplace?

a workplace environment that would reasonably be perceived as hostile or abusive

Which clause of the Constitution prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion?

establishment

According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could racial discrimination occur?

hotels

Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment was an attempt to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?

citizenship rights

Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school?

mandatory prayer

What is demography?

the science of population changes

What has the Supreme Court decided about government displays of the Ten Commandments?

Passive displays of the Ten Commandments in historical context may be constitutional.

Who are politicians most likely to ignore?

nonvoters

The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from...

being tried again for the same crime

Which of the following resulted from the Voting Rights Act and subsequent amendments and court decisions?

an increase in the number of minority-majority districts

Americans are more likely than Europeans to...

contact politicians

Which statement about conventional political participation in the United States is accurate?

Those with higher incomes are more likely to participate than those with lower incomes.

What was the primary objective of the women's suffrage movement?

the right to vote

To determine what percentage of families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools, what population needs to be sampled?

parents of school-age children

According to the Supreme Court, can a state require "crisis pregnancy centers" to provide information about abortion?

No, the requirement violates the centers’ freedom of speech.

According to Republicans, which of the following is one of the biggest problems with U.S. government?

The scope of government is too wide.

Opponents of the death penalty argue that it is unconstitutional because it...

is cruel and unusual punishment

According to Morris Fiorina, which statement best describes the extent of a culture war in the United States?

While small groups of activists are engaged in a culture war, most Americans are fairly moderate.

Which of the following policies would be the most likely to be examined by the Supreme Court using the inherently suspect standard to determine its constitutionality?

Only African American students can attend a charter school that operates in an economically depressed neighborhood.

In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court expanded the civil liberties of...

Hispanics

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely need to implement to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

Which of the following best describes entrapment, which the courts have determined to be prohibited under the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution?

when individuals are coerced to commit crimes

After reconstruction, which of the following was used to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?

white primaries

Someone who thinks that the United States should reorient its immigration policy toward enhancing economic development would be most in favor of granting an immigrant visa to which of the following people?

a Turkish national with a promising new manufacturing process

Miranda rights require that the police inform suspects that they have which of the following rights?

to speak to an attorney

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure?

actual malice

Which of the following does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

racial discrimination in public accommodations

During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Charles T. Schenck, ruling that government can limit speech that...

creates a clear and present danger

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?

Jim Crow laws

Describe the challenges faced by Arab Americans and Muslims in the post-9/11 era.

Racial profiling, hate crimes, government surveillance, and institutional discrimination.

How has the Supreme Court addressed the issue of evolution versus creationism in public schools?

Public schools cannot force either evolution or creationism

Discuss the civil rights issues faced by Latinos in the United States.

Legal discrimination, labor exploitation, racial segregation, and political representation.

Explain how the concept of the "melting pot" has evolved in the context of American demographic changes.

Mixing all different races together into a single cultural pot to form America.

Explain the concept of "separate but equal" and its eventual overturning by the Supreme Court.

Facilities provided equal legal treatment while being physically separated; it was overturned because separate is inherently unequal.

The _____ Amendment contains an equal protection clause emphasizing that laws must provide equivalent protection to all people.

14th

The______ test is used to determine if government aid to parochial schools is constitutional.

Lemon

The case _____ v. New York (1925) was the first to incorporate a right from the Bill of Rights to apply to the states.

Gitlow

One significant finding about American public opinion is that there is a____ level of political knowledge among the populace.

low

The ______ rate refers to the percentage of people who participate in an election by voting.

voter turnout

The ____ Act of 1887 aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual plots.

Dawes

The ____ Amendment, ratified in 1964, prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

24th

The _____ is a systematic collection of data by the government to determine the number of people living in the country.

census

The ______ Clause prevents the government from establishing a national religion

Establishment

_________ are currently the fastest-growing minority group in the United States.

Asian Americans

Analyze the impact of demographic changes on the civil rights policies in the United States

Increased racial and ethnic diversity led to stronger demands for equal rights and representation. These changes influenced policies such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and protections against discrimination.

Explain how schools contribute to the political socialization process

teaching students about government, citizenship, and civic responsibilities through classes, discussions, and school activities, students develop political knowledge, values, and attitudes.

Evaluate the arguments for and against the policy of affirmative action

Supporters argue that affirmative action helps address historical discrimination and increases diversity and opportunities for underrepresented groups. Opponents argue that it can unfairly disadvantage individuals based on race and conflict with equal treatment.

Describe the process of incorporation and its significance in applying the Bill of Rights to states.

It protects individual freedoms from both the federal and state governments.

The Supreme Court decision in ______ (1896) upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal” public facilities.

Plessy v. Ferguson