PRDT 300 Product Development

product development process

set of activities
- beginning w the perception of a market opportunity
- ending in the the production, sale and delivery of a product

ill-defined problem

no definitive formulation of the problem

well defined problem

clear goal; one correct answer

social functionality

designing for a user [holistic thinking]

technical functionality

establishing design requirements + etc [particularistic thinking]

characteristics of a successful product

- product quality
- product cost
- development time
- development cost

generic product development process

1. planning
2. concept development
3. system-level design
4. detail design
5. testing and refinement
6. product ramp-up

concept development phase requires integration

- customer needs
- comp. products
- target specs.
- concept testing
- economic analysis
- plan project activities

product scenarios

- technology push
- customized products
- high-risk products
- quick build products
- digital products

industrial design

service of creating products and systems that optimize
- mutual benefit

the need for industrial design

varies depending on the product

how important is industrial design

- user experience
- aesthetics

user experience

how much the product meets the user's needs

aesthetics

human perception of beauty

generic industrial design process

1. investigation of customer needs
2. conceptualization
3. preliminary refinement
4. further refinement + concept selection
5. controls drawings/models
6. coord. with eng + manu.

opportunity

idea for a new product

types of opportunity

the extent to which the team is familiar with
1. the solution to be employed
2. the need for solution address

effective opportunity tournaments

1. large #
2. high quality
3. high variance

opportunity identification process

1. establish a charter
2. generate
3. screen
3. develop
5. select
6. reflect

establish a charter

- articulates goals
- establishes boundary for new innovations

techniques for generating opportunities

1. personal passion
2. bug lists
3. capabilities
4. study customers
5. trends
6. imitate
7. mine your sources

bug lists

a list of annoyances or frustrations

capabilities

strengths of the company

study customers

customer needs

trends

changes in ___ —> innovation opportunity

imitate

alternate needs, same solution

imitation opportunities

1. media + marketing
2. de-commoditize
3. "down-market"
4. geographical

mine your sources

1. lead users (advanced needs)
2. social networks
3. uni + govt
4. ideas from customers/non-customers

screen

eliminate unlikely opportunities

methods for screening opportunities

1. surveys
2. workshops

develop

- research
- interview
- concept gen
- prototyping

select

one or two concepts

RRW

real
win
worth

reflect

questions

design thinking

iterative process

fundamentals of design thinking

- understanding user
- observing user
- questioning problem
- questioning other solutions
- useful for "ill-defined" problems

RGB

red
green
blue

additive colour model

RGB

CYMK

cyan
magenta
yellow
key [black]

subtractive colour model

CYMK

pantone

specifically coloured inks

product semantics

the study of the symbolic qualities of man-made forms in the context of their use and the app. of this knowledge to industrial design

object's form says three things

something about the
1. object
2. context
3. user

product design can be communicated

1. info. displays
2. graphic elements
3. form, shape + texture
4. indications of internals

colour and products

- material
- app.
- texture

concept design

generating multiple solutions + exploring problem territory

product concept

desc. of the tech

concept design stage

scope for improvements + innovation opports.

concept design stage problems

- only 1/2 alternatives
- unrelated products
- only 1/2 ppl
- ineff. integration
- fail. to consider categories

five step method

1. clarify the problem
2. search externally
3. search internally
4. explore systematically
5. reflect on solutions + process

clarify the problem

- mission statement
- customer needs
- target specs.s

search externally

- interview lead users
- consult experts
- search patents
- search pub. literature
- benchmark-related products

search internally

- no judgement
- generate ideas
- welcome ideas
- sketches
- sketch models

explore systematically

- concept classification tree
- concept combination table

reflect on solutions + process

ask questions

principles of logo design

1. simple
2. memorable
3. timeless
4. versatile
5. appropriate

typography

study of all elements of type

font

type in particular size and weight

typeface

font family

latent needs

needs not widely recognized

process of identifying customer needs

1. gathering raw data
2. interpreting raw data
3. organize into hierarchy
4. establish relative importance
5. reflect on results + process

gathering raw data

- interviews
- focus groups
- observing product use

target market

category or group of customers that a business aims to market to

interpret raw data

expressed in written statements

organize into hierarchy

primary and secondary needs

establish relative importance

1. relying on the consensus of the team
2. further customer surveys

reflect on results + process

ask questions

product specifications

desc. what the product has to do

product specifications are established

1. when we find the customer need
2. when we establish the technology and its limitations

target specifications

what the product would achieve to be successful

process of target specifications

1. prepare list of metrics
2. collect comp. benchmark. info.
3. set target values
4. reflect on results + process

prepare list of metrics

reflect the degree to which the product satisfies the customer need

collect comp. benchmark. info.

acquiring, testing + dismantling comp. products

set values

1. ideal value
2. marginally acceptable value

process of finalizing specifications

1. develop technical model
2. develop cost model
3. refine specs.
4. flow down specs.
5. reflect on results + process

develop technical model

tool for predicting values of the metrics

develop cost model

can be produced at target cost

refine specifications

converges on specs. that are most favourable

flow down specifications

breakdown specs. into each sub-system

concept selection

process of evaluating concepts with respect to customer needs and other criteria

methodology

1. concept screening
2. concept scoring

methodology process

1. selection matrix
2. rate concepts
3. rank concepts
4. combine + improve concepts
5. select one/more concepts
6. reflect on results + process

selection matrix

selection criteria + evaluation

rate concepts

rate relative to benchmark
+, -, 0

rank concepts

rank in order

combine + improve concepts

1. is there a good concept that as one bad feature?
2. are there two concepts that can be combined

select concepts

which warrants further development

prototype

an approx. of the product along one or more dimensions of interest

prototyping

process of developing such an approx. of the product

two dimensions of prototypes

1. analytical vs physical
2. comprehensive vs. focused

physical prototype

tangible approx. of product

analytical prototype

non-tangible approx. of product

comprehensive prototype

all attributes

focused prototype

some attributes

four things prototypes are used for

1. learning
2. communication
3. integration
4. milestones

analytical prototypes are more _ than physical prototypes

flexible

physical prototypes are required to detect _

unanticipated phenomena

CAD + 3D printing have _ the relative cost and time

reduced

four steps for planning a prototype

1. define the purpose
2. establish lvl. of approx.
3. outline plan
4. create a schedule

ergonomics

the study of interaction between ppl + machines + the factors that affect the interaction