TTSusan 10: Introduction to Arabic Elongation (Al-Madd)

Vocabulary and terminology regarding the rules of elongation (Madd) in Tajweed, including types of madd letters, conditions for natural and secondary elongation, and specific classifications like Kalimi, Harfi, and Shilah.

Al-Madd (Linguistics)

Stretching, increasing, or lengthening in the Arabic language.

Al-Madd (Applied Definition)

The lengthening or stretching of the sound when pronouncing the letters of mad and lean when there is a cause, such as a hamza or sukun.

Al-Qasr (Linguistics)

Imprisonment, withholding, forbidding, or something confined.

Al-Qasr (Applied Definition)

Pronouncing the letters of the mad without lengthening or stretching due to the absence of a reason for elongation.

Madd Letters

The three letters alif, waw, and ya which must be sakin and preceded by a vowel homogeneous to them.

Alif Madd

An alif preceded by a fatha.

Waw Madd

A waw sakina preceded by a damma.

Ya Madd

A ya sakina preceded by a kasra.

Homogeneous Vowels

The concept where a fatha corresponds to alif, damma corresponds to a waw, and a kasra corresponds to a ya.

Letters of Leen

The characters waw and ya when they are sakina and preceded by a letter with a fatha (which is not homogenous to them).

Alif (Letter of Mad and Leen)

A letter considered to belong to both categories because it is always preceded by a fatha, fulfilling both sets of criteria.

Madd Tabee'ee (Original or Natural Madd)

A necessary elongation for proper pronunciation that does not depend on a cause, required for the word to be correct.

Madd Tabee'ee Duration

Exactly two counts without any increase.

Al-Wujub

The obligatory ruling of natural madd; failing to pronounce it correctly is considered a 'lahn jali' (major mistake).

Madd Far'ee (Secondary Madd)

Elongation that is longer than natural madd due to the reason of a hamza or sukkun.

Conditions of Madd Tabee'ee

The letter must be original to the root of the word, have no hamza before it, and no hamza or sukkun after it.

Madd Tabee'ee Kalimi

Natural elongation that occurs within a single word.

Madd Tabee'ee Harfi

Natural elongation occurring within isolated letters at the beginning of certain surahs, specifically letters in the phrase 'Hayyun Tahura'.

Madd Shilah Sughra (Minor Connecting Madd)

Occurs when the pronoun 'her' (haa) with a vowel is between two voweled letters (the second not being a hamza), generating a mad letter only when connecting recitation.

Madd 'Arid li-Sukun (Temporary Madd)

An originally natural madd that becomes temporary when stopping on a word due to an incidental sukkun, lasting two, four or six counts.

Al-Jawas

The 'allowable' ruling for the duration of Madd 'Arid li-Sukun.