Italian Conjunctions

a meno che

unless

[followed by non even if already negative]

a patto che

on the condition that

a tal punto che

to the point that

[emphasizes the high degree or intensity of something]

affinché / in modo che

(interchangeable)

so that, in order that

[expresses purpose or aim]

al fine di / allo scopo di

(interchangeable)

in order to

(more formal)

al punto che

to the point that

[more general, wider range of situations]

allo scopo di / al fine di

(interchangeable)

in order to

(more formal)

allora

so, therefore, well, then

[filler, links causes or ideas]

allorché

as soon as, when

[formal or literary alternative to appena or quando]

altrimenti

otherwise, or else

[implies alternative outcome if condition is not met]

anche

also, even, if

anche se

even if, even though

anzi

actually, in fact, on the contrary, rather

appena

as soon as

benché

although, even though

[more common in everyday speech]

bensi

but rather

che

that, because, when

cioè

that is, in other words, like, I mean

[more common; to rephrase, clarify, correct]

comunque

however, no matter how

coordinating conjunctions

two or more elements of the same importance

così

so, therefore, like this

cosicché

therefore

[expresses a consequence/result/purpose]

dal momento che / dato che

(interchangeable)

seeing as, since

[beginning of sentence, introduces a given fact]

dato che / dal momento che

(interchangeable)

seeing as, since

[beginning of sentence, introduce a given fact]

dopo / dopo che

after, afterwards, later

dunque

so, therefore

[more formal or emphatic tone]

e

and

ebbene

well, so

ed

and

[if next word starts with an e]

eppure

yet, but, still, and yet

finché

as long as

in modo che / affinché

(interchangeable)

so that, in order that

[expresses purpose or aim]

infatti

in fact, indeed

ma / però

(interchangeable)

but, however

mentre

while, whereas

né / né…né

neither…nor

nel caso in cui

in case, in the event that, if

non solo… ma anche

not only… but also

nonché

and also, as well as

nondimeno

nevertheless, nonetheless

nonstante

although, even though

[more common in everyday speech]

o / oppure

(interchangeable)

or

[more common, emphasizes a choice]

o…o

either, or

ogni volta che

whenever, each time

[more common in everyday speech, must always have 'che']

ogniqualvolta

whenever, every time

[more formal and literary]

oppure / o

(interchangeable)

or

[more common, empasizes a choice ]

ossia

that is

(clarify, restate)

ovunque

everywhere, wherever

ovvero

1. that is, in other words, or rather (clarify, restate)

2. or, otherwise [more formal, official]

per quanto

as much as

per quanto tempo?

for how long? how long?

perché

because, since, so that

perciò

therefore, for this reason, so

[more formal way to express a consequence]

però / ma

(interchangeable)

but, however

pertanto

therefore, hence

[more formal; expresses a strong cause and effect]

poichè

since, seeing as how

(expresses cause; can begin a sentence)

prima che

before, prior to

pur/pure + (gerundio)

although, even though

purché

provided that, as long as

pure/pur + (gerundio)

although, even though

qualora

if, in any case

quando

when, whenever, every time

quindi

so, therefore