Liver Abd study cards

What does extrahepatic mean?

Outside the liver

What refers to hepatocytes or liver cells as primary problem?

Hepatocellular disease

What are the enzymes of the liver?

ALT, AST, Alk Phos

What is the abbreviation for alanine aminotransferase?

ALT

What is the area called that is superior to the liver that is not covered by the peritoneum?

Bare area

What develops when normal venous channels become blocked?

Collateral circulation

What does BUN stand for?

Blood Urea Nitrogen

What is the medical term for uncontrolled increase in glucose?

Hyperglycemia

What extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in the sagittal/long plane and contains the ligamentum teres?

Falciform ligament

What does hepatofugal mean?

Flows away from the liver

What is excreted by the liver and stored in the GB?

Bilirubin

What interferes with liver function and affects hepatocytes?

Diffuse hepatocellular disease

What is the area between the right and left hypochondrium that contains part of the liver, panc and duodenum?

Epigastrium

What is the abbreviation for aspartase aminotransferase?

AST

What is the broken-down product of hemoglobin?

Bilirubin

What liver cells performs all functions ascribed to the liver?

Hepatocyte

What does intrahepatic mean?

Inside the liver

What does the left hypochondrium contain?

Stomach, spleen, and left lobe of liver

What refers to any new growth, benign or malignant?

Neoplasm

What is a specific lab test that looks at the liver function?

Liver function tests

What does the right hypochondrium contain?

liver and GB

What refers to bile excretion blocked within the biliary system or liver?

Obstructive disease

What is the medical term for deficiency of glucose?

Hypoglycemia

What does hepatopetal mean?

Flows towards the liver

What joins together to form the portal venous system?

The splenic vein and SMV

How long should a pt be NPO for an abdominal ultrasound?

6-8 hrs before the exam

Which lobe of the liver is the largest?

The right lobe

What does the liver convert glucose into?

Glycogen

What does the liver secrete to aid in the digestion of fats?

bile

What is the smallest of the three hepatic veins?

The left hepatic vein

How many lobes does the liver have?

The liver has 3 lobes

What separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe?

Ligamentum venosum

How does the main portal vein approach the porta hepatis?

In a rightward, cephalic, and slightly posterior direction

What divides the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver?

The falciform ligament/Ligamentum teres

What forms the portal confluence?

The spleneic vein and portal vein

How does the left portal vein lie in relation to the right portal vein?

The left portal vein lies more anterior and cranial than the right portal vein

Which is the largest of the three hepatic veins?

Right hepatic vein

Where is Morrison’s pouch located?

Between the posterior aspect of the right lobe and the upper pole of the right kidney

What is the echogenic triangular-shaped structure within the left lobe of the liver?

Ligamentum teres

What is the liver echotexture compares to?

The renal cortex

How long can red blood cells survive in the circulatory system?

120 days

What is the most superior aspect of the liver called?

The Dome of the lvier

Is the common bile duct seen anterior or posterior to the main portal vein?

ANterior

What portion of the liver is covered by the diaphragm?

The superior portion

What is the enclosed portion of the peritoneal space posterior to the liver and stomach?

Lesser sac

Where is the Morrison’s pouch located?

Between the liver and right kidney

What attaches the liver to the diaphragm?

Falciform ligament

The hepatic duct runs along the anterior lateral border of which vein?

The portal vein

What is the echogenic linear structure seen anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe?

Ligamentum venosum

What is the liver suspended by?

Falciform ligament

What is the lateral and medial lobes of the liver separated by?

Left hepatic vein and the ligamentum teres

What is the area between the liver and the diaphragm called?

Subphrenic space

The right lobe of the liver exceeds the left lobe by the ratio of:

6:1

Which three fossa are found on the inferior and posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver?

GB fossa, porta hepatis and the IVC fossa

Can the lesser sac be an area for abcess formation?

Yes

What does the falciform ligament contain?

Ligamentum teres

What is the largest lobe of the liver?

The right lobe

What congenital variant can be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and extends to the iliac crest?

Riedel’s lobe

Which lobe of the liver is situated on the posterosuperior surface of the left lobe?

Caudate lobe

Where is bilirubin excreted?

Bile

Describe the echogenicity of the spleen when compared to the liver

The spleen has about the same echogenicity when compared to the liver

The liver lies (BLANK) to the diaphragm

Inferior

What converges to form the main portal vein?

The SMV and SV

What is the thin connective tissue the liver is covered with?

Glisson’s capsule, also called the visceral peritoneum

How does the main portal vein approach the porta hepatis?

Rightward, cephalic, and slightly posterior direction

Describe the kidney echogenicity when compared to the liver

Kidneys are equally echogenic to the liver; less echogenic to the liver

Where is Glisson’s capsule the thickest?

IVC and portal hepatis

Which ligament is used to find the GB in the long scanning plane when the GB is filled with stones and not well visualized?

Main lobar fissure or MLF

What separates the left lobe of the liver from the caudate lobe?

Ligamentum venosum

What is the boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver?

the MLF

What divides the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver?

Ligamentum teres; Falciform ligament

Which section of the liver allows for better imaging of the panc?

The left lobe

At the porta hepatis, what is contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Main portal vein, proper hepatic artery; common duct

Where is the main lobar fissure located?

Extends from the portal vein to the neck of the GB

Describe the echogenicity of the panc when compared to the liver?

The panc is about as echogenic or slightly more echogenic than the liver

What vessel supplies blood to the left lobe of the liver?

Left portal vein

What are the functions of the liver?

Storage, digestion, metabolism; detoxification

What lies between the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, and the right colic flexure?

The right posterior subphrenic space

What does the posterior border of the liver contact?

IVC, right kidney, and AO

What structure separates the left lobe of the liver from the caudate lobe?

Ligamentum venosum

What is the third most common organ injury in the abdomen?

The liver

The body of the panc lies (BLANK) to the left lobe of the liver

Inferior

What pigment is released when red blood cells are broken down?

Bilirubin

Where does the middle hepatic vein enter the IVC?

The right anterior surface of the IVC

The fundus of the stomach lies (BLANKS) and (BLANK) to the left lobe of the liver

Posterior; lateral

Where does the left hepatic vein enter the IVC?

The left anterior surface of the IVC

The triad of the portal vein, common bile duct, and hepatic artery entering the liver is known as what?

Porta hepatis

The area between the liver and diaphragm, which is a common site for abscess formation, is called what?

Subphrenic space

Which structure separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver?

Left hepatic vein

What is the normal measurement of the portal vein?

1.6 cm

When a pt is lying on their left side, with their right side up, this position is called what?

Left lateral decubitus LLD

Which transducer is most commonly used for an abdominal ultrasound?

2.5-5 MHz curvilinear

What does the right subhepatic space include?

Morrison’s pouch

What is the echogenic linear structure seen anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver?

Ligamentum venosum

What does the middle hepatic vein separate?

The left and right lobe of the liver

What congenital variant may be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and can extend to the iliac crest?

Riedel’s lobe

The liver’s inferior and posterior surface is marked by which three fossa?

IVC fossa, GB fossa, and porta hepatis fossa

The liver excretes bilirubin into the gut via:

Biliary tree

True or false? The right portal vein is larger than the left portal vein

True

The head of the panc is seen (BLANK) to the caudate lobe

Inferior