Psychodynamic

Explores how unconscious drives, conflicts, and childhood experiences shape behavior.

Behaviorism

Focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they're learned through interaction with the environment.

Humanistic

Emphasizes personal growth, free will, and the concept of self-actualization.

Cognitive

Examines internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Biological

Studies the physiological bases of behavior in humans and animals.

Evolutionary

Considers how behavior and mental processes serve as adaptations for survival and reproduction.

Sociocultural

Analyzes how culture, social norms, and social environments influence behavior.

Biopsychosocial

Combines biological, psychological, and social factors to provide a comprehensive understanding of human behavior

Confirmation bias

• people tend to look for, interpret, or remember information in a way that confirms what they already believe.

Hindsight bias

• people believe that they knew something was going to happen after it has already occurred, even if they didn't actually predict it beforehand.

Overconfidence

• when people have too much faith in their own judgments or abilities, thinking they know more than they actually do.

Empirical evidence

refers to information that is obtained through observation, experimentation, or measurement.

• Empirical evidence helps prevent cognitive bias by providing objective data that can counteract our natural tendencies to make biased judgments or decisions.

Falsifiable

a falsifiable hypothesis in psychology is a statement that can be tested and potentially proven false through observation or experimentation.

• These hypotheses are formulated in a way that allows for the possibility of evidence to contradict or refute them.

Peer Review

a process where research articles and studies are evaluated by experts in the field before they are published in academic journals.

• These experts, or peers, critically assess the quality, validity, and significance of the research, providing feedback and recommendations to the authors.

Likert Scales

are a measurement tool used in surveys and questionnaires to assess people's attitudes, opinions, or perceptions.

• Respondents are presented with a series of statements or questions and asked to indicate their level of agreement or disagreement on a scale, typically ranging from 'Strongly Agree' to 'Strongly Disagree'.

Structured Interviews

• This standardized approach allows for consistent data collection and facilitates comparisons across participants.

Survey Technique

research method in psychology used to collect data from a sample of individuals through self-report measures.

Wording Effect

subtle changes in the phrasing or wording of survey questions can influence respondents' interpretations and responses.