MED TERM CH14: anatomy & physiology

smooth muscle

MUSCLE: controls involuntary movements, non-striated

smooth muscle

located in walls of hollow organs & passageways, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts, changes pupil size & causes goosebumps

cardiac muscle

MUSCLE: found only in heart & controls involuntary movements, striated

cardiac muscle

muscle that has extensively branched cells connected at ends to contract in a wavelike pattern

skeletal muscle

MUSCLE: voluntary control (produces movement and maintains posture against gravity) & striated

skeletal muscles

muscle made up of sarcomeres (composed of actin and myosin protein filaments), maintains homestasis through exercise and shivering, external barrier for internal abdominopelvic organs

sphincters

ring-shaped skeletal muscles controlling openings of internal tracts for swallowing, defecation, and urination

maximus

muscle name meaning largest

minimus

muscle name meaning smallest

deltoid

muscle shape meaning triangular

trapezius

muscle shape meaning trapezoid

flexor

muscle action meaning flex

adductor

muscle action meaning toward midline

biceps brachii

muscles on anterior upper arm

biceps brachialis

flexes elbow joint and rotates the forearm

deltoid

large triangular muscle covering the shoulder

gastrocnemius

chief muscle of the calf of the leg

gluteus maximus

largest and outermost muscle in the buttocks

latissimus dorsi

large muscle in the back

pectoralis major

thick, fan-shaped muscle on the chest

quadriceps

large muscle group on the front of the thigh

rectus abdominis

paired vertical muscle on the anterior abdomen

triceps brachii

muscle on the posterior upper arm

tendon

flexible yet inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching muscle to bone

achilles tendon

TENDON: attaches calf muscles to the heel bone

hamstring tendons

TENDON: five tendons connecting 3 hamstring muscles to pelvis, knee, and lower leg

rotator cuff

group of muscles and tendons stabilizing the shoulder

antagonostic (opposing) pairs

muscles work in…

contraction

shortening of muscle fibers

relaxation

lengthening of muscle fibers

flexion

decreases the angle between two bones (ex: bending arm at elbow)

extension

increases the angle between two bones (straightening arm)

abduction

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

adduction

movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

rotation

circular movement around a central point (internal v external)

dorsiflexion

foot moves upward toward the knee

plantar flexion

foot moves downward toward the ground (pressing the gas pedal)

supination

act of turning palm/foot upward

pronation

act of turning palm/foot downward

eversion

turning outward the sole of foot away from midline

inversion

turning inward the sole of foot toward median plane