Great American Story Exam 1

Orestes Brownson

Author of the American Republic. Rejected social contract theory.

why study history?

1. Helps us understand society 2. Identity 3. skills like assess evidence and interpret events

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement which included 1) rational thinking 2) foundations for self-gov't 3) a rational experiment- society can be reconstructed.

Boston Tea Party

protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped british tea into boston harbor

"Common Sense"

Claimed colonies were the universal cause of natural rights and we are now in a war w/ England

Neutralist

"what do you have to gain- each side (P or L) will use you"

The American Crisis

Written by Thomas Paine and read by Geo. WA to his troops right before a battle. Bolster morale of American people.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd Pres. Federal Republican

Daniel Shays

Head of Shay's Rebellion- protested against debtor's jail; he aided in the creation of constitution

Article III of Constitution

Establishes Judicial Branch of gov't- Supreme Court

House of Representatives

Reps. dependent on population. 2 year terms

Judicial Branch

Supreme court/any other lower courts Congress chooses to establish

The Federalist Papers

85 essays written by Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay. In support of the constitution. bad view of human nature.

Jeffferson vs. Hamilton

Ham. was Federalist- wanted to establish the National Bank and assume state debts

Jeff. was Demo-Republican: smaller, decentralized gov't

Federalist #10

James Madison- against factions, property as source of faction.

5th amendment

Right to do process of law

10th amendment

Powers reserved to the states

XYZ Affair

1797- French diplomat wants to be bribed to help Americans. Upsets Adam (Fed) but says nothing.

T. Jeff's 1st Inaugural address

Unity, religious tolerance>>, "wise, frugal gov't"

The American Republic

Federalism, Constitution, elected rep.

social contract theory

individuals give up rights in an agreement with the gov't to cultivate order in society

James Otis

Lawyer hired by Patriots to argue for their cause. Used to be a Loyalist.

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

British acts passed re: Boston Tea Party

1) Removal of British charter

2) Boston harbor closed

3) colonists quarter brits soldiers

4) trails for captial crimes--> england

King George III

King of Englad during Rev. War

Abigail Adams

wife of John Adams; wrote Remember the Ladies

Battle of Saratoga

1777. Benedict Arnold- allowed French to see how Americans can hold their own = French Navy

James Madison

Founding father. Democratic Republican

Stamp Act

British tax and req. colonists to purchase stamps

Boston Massacre

1770. British soldiers fired into crowd of protesting colonists

Townshend duties

Revenue Act of 1767 which taxed glass, lead, paint, paper and tea --> colonies

First Continental Congress

Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with Britain and to promote independence

Olive Branch Petition

1775- attempt to avoid all out war with Britain

Declaration of Independence

signed at the 2nd Continental Congress asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

George Washington

1st Pres and commander during Rev. War

Joseph Addison

Wrote "Cato, a Tragedy"

Russell Kirk

American political philo.--> "Roots of American Republic". Order is 1st need of commonwealth

Peter Stearns

why we should study history

7 Years War

Global conlfict fought b/w Great Britain/Prussia vs. France/Austria. Trade routes in North American were fought over

French and Indian War

War fought b/w English and French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Religious awakening

skepticism of trad. authority. past can't inform us enough. spirit of liberty. nature-centered.

Winter at Valley Forge

people were low on morale and supplies. WA struggled to keep army together.

General Friederich Von Williams

German officer in the Continental Army. Trained troops and improved military discipline.

Battle of Yorktown

Final major battle in Rev. War where British General Cornwall surrendered.

John Adams

2nd president. Advocated for independence from Britain

Articles of Confederation

Created because central gov’t could not regulate commerce or support war effort. 13 articles

Samuel Seabury

A. Farmer- problems w/Constitution. 1) Not all voted for it, 2) We thrive when with Great Britain

Philadelphia Convention

Convergence of delegates where they discussed deficiencies of Articles. Ended up totally scrapping them.

NW ordinance of 1787

Established a gov’t for the NW territory and a path for admitting new states to the union.

Article I

Establishes Legislative Branch: Congress= senate + house of representatives

Article II

Pres. and his powers (impeachment protocol)A

Article IV

If you commit a crime in another state, you are tried in your home state.

Article V

2/3 Congress says yes = amendments to this Constitution

Article VI

Constitution = supreme law of the land. Federal officers must make oath.

Article VII

Framework for ratifying constitution: 9/13 territories say yes

U.S. Senate

Every state gets 2 senators. 6 year terms

Executive Branch

Pres, V.P., The Cabinet, Federal officers.

State of the Union

Annual message delivered by President

Cabinet

Senior directors who help guide federal policies

Jay Treaty

1794. Averted war with Britain. Ended British posts in the NW territory

John Jay

1st chief justice

Robert Yates

Wrote Brutus 1- Anti-Federalist commentary. “No limits on the power of Constitution”. History shows us this doesn’t work.

Bill of Rights

10 Amendments. Written to make the AntiFeds happy

First Amendment

Freedom of religion

Second Amendment

Right to bear arms.

Third Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

Fourth Amendment

No search and siezure

Fifth Amendment

Right to do process of law

Sixth Amendment

Right of accused person, e.g. right to a speedy and public trial

Seventh Amendment

Right of trial by jury

Eight Amendment

Freedom f/ excessive bail and cruel/unusual punishment

Ninth Amendment

Other rights of people

Tenth Amendment

Powers reserved to the States

Political Parties

Arise from human passion and tear apart gov’t (Says Washington)

Washington’s Farewell Address

You are a Union, resist innovation and a spirit of “party”. Religion/morality are indispensible

Election of 1796

John Adams (Fed) defeated Thomas J. (Demo-Rep). Debates were very heated and personal

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Drafted secretly by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson against the Alien and Sedition acts put out by John Adams administration

Alien and Sedition Acts

4 Federalist laws passed by John Adams during a quasi-war w/ France. Residency reqs went up, deportation, criminalized writing against gov’t

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson brutally defeated John Adams

Aaron Burr

Sir