BIOL 348 Chapter 9 - Nervous System Practice Test

Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?

A. Peripheral cells and neurons

B. Glial cells and neurons

C. Afferent cells and glial cells

D. Peripheral cells and glial cells

B. Glial cells and neurons

Which does not belong to the peripheral nervous system?

A. Spinal nerve

B. Cranial nerve

C. Peripheral nerve

D. Spinal cord

D. Spinal cord

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division.

A. motor

B. sensory

C. efferent

D. ganglial

B. sensory

The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the _________ _______ division.

A. somatic sensory

B. somatic motor

C. autonomic motor

D. visceral sensory

A. somatic sensory

A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) _________ _________ neuron.

A. visceral sensory

B. autonomic motor

C. somatic sensory

D. somatic motor

A. visceral sensory

Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?

A. Involuntary control of the heart

B. Transmits impulses from the viscera

C. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

D. Transmits impulses to muscles and glands

B. Transmits impulses from the viscera

The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________ _________ division.

A. visceral sensory

B. autonomic motor

C. somatic sensory

D. somatic motor

D. somatic motor

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) _________ _________ neuron.

A. visceral sensory

B. autonomic motor

C. somatic sensory

D. somatic motor

B. autonomic motor

Which is not characteristic of neurons?

A. Extreme longevity

B. High mitotic rate

C. High metabolic rate

D. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen

B. High mitotic rate

As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate, it generally branches repeatedly into several

A. teloaxons.

B. telodendria.

C. collateral axons.

D. neurolemmocytes.

B. telodendria.

Where are synaptic knobs located?

A. At the tips of telodendria

B. Along axon collaterals

C. At the ends of dendrites

D. At the axon hillock

A. At the tips of telodendria

Structurally, the most common type of neuron is the _____ neuron.

A. multipolar

B. bipolar

C. unipolar

D. pseudounipolar

A. multipolar

The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are

A. motor neurons.

B. correlation neurons.

C. sensory neurons.

D. interneurons.

D. interneurons.

Glial cells differ from neurons in that they

A. transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

B. are found only in the PNS.

C. are smaller and capable of mitosis.

D. are larger and capable of meiosis.

C. are smaller and capable of mitosis.

What do all glial cells have in common?

A. They all attack pathogens.

B. They help to transmit the nerve signals.

C. They assist neurons in their respective functions.

D. They transfer blood to the various neurons.

C. They assist neurons in their respective functions.

The most abundant glial cell in the CNS is the

A. astrocyte.

B. ependymal cell.

C. microglial cell.

D. neurolemmocyte.

A. astrocyte.

Which glial cell helps to form the blood-brain barrier?

A. Microglial cell

B. Oligodendrocyte

C. Neurolemmocyte

D. Astrocyte

D. Astrocyte

Which glial cell occupies the space left by dying neurons?

A. Oligodendrocyte

B. Neurolemmocyte

C. Astrocyte

D. Microglial cell

C. Astrocyte

Which glial cell provides structural support and organization to the CNS?

A. Ependymal cell

B. Oligodendrocyte

C. Neurolemmocyte

D. Astrocyte

D. Astrocyte

Which glial cell has perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS?

A. Oligodendrocyte

B. Neurolemmocyte

C. Astrocyte

D. Microglial cell

C. Astrocyte

The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the

A. oligodendrocyte.

B. astrocyte.

C. ependymal cell.

D. neurolemmocyte.

C. ependymal cell.

Which glial cell defends the body against pathogens?

A. Neurolemmocyte

B. Microglial cell

C. Oligodendrocyte

D. Astrocyte

B. Microglial cell

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the

A. astrocyte.

B. neurolemmocyte.

C. oligodendrocyte.

D. ependymal cell.

C. oligodendrocyte.

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?

A. Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.

B. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

C. An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.

D. Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS.

B. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

Which glial cell protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia?

A. Oligodendrocyte

B. Satellite cell

C. Astrocyte

D. Neurolemmocyte

B. Satellite cell

Which glial cell myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system?

A. Neurolemmocyte

B. Astrocyte

C. Oligodendrocyte

D. Ependymal cell

A. Neurolemmocyte

Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?

A. Each Schwann cell myelinates one segment of a single PNS axon.

B. A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.

C. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

D. Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

A. Each Schwann cell myelinates one segment of a single PNS axon.

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

A. their proximity to white bone.

B. the white color of the perivascular feet.

C. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

D. the covering of ependymal cells.

C. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

The function of neurofibril nodes is to

A. produce a faster nerve impulse through saltatory conduction.

B. produce a slower impulse through continuous conduction.

C. provide points of attachment for nerve threads.

D. inhibit the transmission of a nerve impulse.

A. produce a faster nerve impulse through saltatory conduction.

Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along

A. unmyelinated axons.

B. dendrites.

C. axons in the PNS.

D. axons in the CNS.

A. unmyelinated axons.

A nerve impulse travels fastest along ________ axons of ______ diameter.

A. unmyelinated; small

B. myelinated; large

C. myelinated; small

D. unmyelinated; large

B. myelinated; large

Which of these is not a factor that influences regeneration of PNS axons?

A. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain

B. Secretion of nerve growth factors by neurolemmocytes

C. Amount of damage

D. Distance of the damaged axon from the receptor organ

A. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain

Which cells help repair axons through the process called Wallerian degeneration?

A. Astrocytes

B. Special satellite cell

C. Neurolemmocytes

D. Oligodendrocytes

C. Neurolemmocytes

A nerve

A. contains a single axon.

B. carries information only toward the PNS.

C. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D. is found only in the CNS.

C. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are

A. perineurium ; epineurium; endoneurium.

B. epineurium ; endoneurium; perineurium.

C. epineurium ; perineurium; endoneurium.

D. endoneurium ; perineurium; epineurium.

C. epineurium ; perineurium; endoneurium.

What is the connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons?

A. Perineurium

B. Epineurium

C. Endoneurium

D. Periosteum

A. Perineurium

There are two types of synapses, based on mode of communication. What are they?

A. Mechanical and chemical

B. Magnetic and physical

C. Physical and chemical

D. Chemical and electrical

D. Chemical and electrical

Choose the answer that correctly lists, in chronological order, the events involved in synaptic transmission.

a: A nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob

b: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft

c: A nerve impulse begins in the postsynaptic cell

d: Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell

e: A voltage change occurs in the postsynaptic cell

A. a, b, e, d, c

B. a, c, b, d, e

C. c, a, b, d, e

D. a, b, d, e, c

D. a, b, d, e, c

Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is less common but allows faster signal transmission?

A. Mechanical synapse

B. Electrical synapse

C. Magnetic synapse

D. Physical synapse

B. Electrical synapse

Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is slower and more common?

A. Mechanical synapse

B. Magnetic synapse

C. Physical synapse

D. Chemical synapse

D. Chemical synapse

Arrange the primary brain vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.

A. Prosencephalon; Mesencephalon; Rhombencephalon

B. Mesencephalon; Rhombencephalon; Prosencephalon

C. Rhombencephalon; Mesencephalon; Prosencephalon

D. Rhombencephalon; Prosencephalon; Mesencephalon

A. Prosencephalon; Mesencephalon; Rhombencephalon

Arrange the five secondary vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order.

A. Myelencephalon; Diencephalon; Telencephalon; Metencephalon; Mesencephalon

B. Myelencephalon; Telencephalon; Diencephalon; Mesencephalon; Metencephalon

C. Telencephalon; Diencephalon; Mesencephalon; Metencephalon; Myelencephalon

D. Telencephalon; Metencephalon; Mesencephalon; Diencephalon; Myelencephalon

C. Telencephalon; Diencephalon; Mesencephalon; Metencephalon; Myelencephalon

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebrum is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?

A. Diencephalon

B. Myelencephalon

C. Telencephalon

D. Metencephalon

C. Telencephalon

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus?

A. Metencephalon

B. Telencephalon

C. Diencephalon

D. Mesencephalon

C. Diencephalon

The portion of the adult brain that includes the medulla oblongata is derived from which secondary brain vesicle?

A. Myelencephalon

B. Telencephalon

C. Diencephalon

D. Metencephalon

A. Myelencephalon

Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the

A. cerebral ganglia.

B. cerebral nuclei.

C. ventricles.

D. cerebral peduncles.

B. cerebral nuclei.

What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep?

A. Arachnoid; Pia mater; Dura mater

B. Dura mater; Pia mater; Arachnoid

C. Dura mater; Arachnoid; Pia mater

D. Pia mater; Arachnoid; Dura mater

C. Dura mater; Arachnoid; Pia mater

The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the

A. periosteal layer.

B. dura mater.

C. arachnoid.

D. pia mater.

D. pia mater.

The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the

A. pia mater.

B. arachnoid.

C. periosteal layer.

D. subarachnoid layer.

B. arachnoid.

Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)?

A. Subarachnoid layer

B. Dura mater

C. Subdural layer

D. Arachnoid

B. Dura mater

The largest of the four dural septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A. Superior sagittal sinus

B. Tentorium cerebelli

C. Falx cerebelli

D. Falx cerebri

D. Falx cerebri

The horizontally oriented fold of dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the

A. tentorium cerebelli.

B. falx cerebri.

C. diaphragma sellae.

D. superior sagittal sinus.

A. tentorium cerebelli.

A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the

A. falx cerebelli.

B. superior sagittal sinus.

C. diaphragma sellae.

D. tentorium cerebelli.

A. falx cerebelli.

A brain ventricle located in the cerebrum is the _____ ventricle.

A. falx

B. third

C. lateral

D. median

C. lateral

The brain ventricle located in the diencephalon is the _____ ventricle.

A. third

B. median

C. fourth

D. lateral

A. third

The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the _____ ventricle.

A. median

B. third

C. fourth

D. falx

C. fourth

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A. CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

B. CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

C. CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D. CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.

C. CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the

A. arachnoid granulation.

B. choroid plexus.

C. arachnoid villi.

D. mesencephalic aqueduct.

B. choroid plexus.

List these events in the correct order for CSF flow in the CNS.

A. CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle; CSF flows into the subarachnoid space; CSF flows into the arachnoid villi; CSF is produced by the choroid plexus; CSF enters the blood

B. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus; CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle; CSF flows into the subarachnoid space; CSF flows into the arachnoid villi; CSF enters the blood

C. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus; CSF flows into the subarachnoid space; CSF flows into the arachnoid villi; CSF enters the blood; CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle

D. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus; CSF flows into the arachnoid villi; CSF enters the blood; CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle; CSF flows into the subarachnoid space

B. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus; CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle; CSF flows into the subarachnoid space; CSF flows into the arachnoid villi; CSF enters the blood

Excess CSF is removed from the subarachnoid space by

A. arachnoid villi.

B. the median aperture.

C. astrocytes.

D. the choroid plexus.

A. arachnoid villi.

The blood-brain barrier is made up of

A. astrocyte perivascular feet and the falx cerebri.

B. microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

C. ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D. astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D. astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

The blood-brain barrier is reduced or missing from three locations in the brain. Which is not one of these locations?

A. Choroid plexus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Cerebrum

D. Pineal gland

C. Cerebrum

The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions is the

A. cerebellum.

B. cerebrum.

C. pons.

D. hypothalamus.

B. cerebrum.

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemisphere is/are the

A. cerebral sulci.

B. hypothalamus.

C. corpus callosum.

D. longitudinal fissure.

C. corpus callosum.

Hemisphere lateralization refers to the

A. generalization that both cerebral hemispheres receive their sensory information from and project motor commands to the opposite side of the body.

B. difficulty in assigning a precise function to a specific region of the cortex.

C. crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres.

D. functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

D. functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

Of the five cerebral lobes, the one not visible on the surface of the brain is the

A. occipital.

B. temporal.

C. frontal.

D. insula.

D. insula.

The primary motor cortex is part of the

A. frontal lobe.

B. parietal lobe.

C. insula.

D. occipital lobe.

A. frontal lobe.

Which is a function of the brain's frontal lobe?

A. Hearing

B. Smell

C. Vision

D. Verbal communication

D. Verbal communication

The primary somatosensory cortex is part of the

A. insula.

B. frontal lobe.

C. temporal lobe.

D. parietal lobe.

D. parietal lobe.

The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the

A. occipital lobe.

B. insula.

C. parietal lobe.

D. temporal lobe.

A. occipital lobe.

The primary gustatory cortex is part of the

A. occipital lobe.

B. insula.

C. temporal lobe.

D. frontal lobe.

B. insula.

Association areas

A. correlate information from opposite sides of the brain.

B. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.

C. correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain.

D. integrate outgoing motor information.

B. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.

Association tracts

A. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

B. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex with the opposite hemisphere.

C. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

D. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

C. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

Commissural tracts

A. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

B. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

C. connect different regions within a lobe.

D. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

D. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Projection tracts

A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

B. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

C. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

D. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

D. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?

A. Diencephalon

B. Cerebellum

C. Cerebrum

D. Pons

A. Diencephalon

The most caudal part of the brain, the _________, is continuous with the spinal cord.

A. pons

B. medulla oblongata

C. thalamus

D. hypothalamus

B. medulla oblongata

This part of the brain contains the arbor vitae.

A. Cerebrum

B. Cerebellum

C. Epithalamus

D. Medulla oblongata

B. Cerebellum

This portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth, coordinated movements.

A. Cerebrum

B. Epithalamus

C. Cerebellum

D. Pons

C. Cerebellum

This portion of the brain adjusts skeletal muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture.

A. Cerebellum

B. Medulla oblongata

C. Epithalamus

D. Cerebrum

A. Cerebellum

The __________ is/are composed of multiple structures that collaboratively process and experience emotions.

A. hypothalamus

B. limbic system

C. cerebellum

D. medulla oblongata

B. limbic system

What is the most anterior cranial nerve?

A. Accessory

B. Oculomotor

C. Olfactory

D. Optic

C. Olfactory

The cranial nerve responsible for movement of the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique eye muscles is the __________ nerve.

A. trigeminal

B. trochlear

C. oculomotor

D. hypoglossal

C. oculomotor

The cranial nerve that innervates smooth muscle and glands of the heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs is the ___________ nerve.

A. trigeminal

B. facial

C. hypoglossal

D. vagus

D. vagus

Bell palsy is a condition characterized by the paralysis of facial muscles, eyelid droop, and sagging at the corners of the mouth. What nerve is affected in this condition?

A. Trigeminal

B. Hypoglossal

C. Facial

D. Accessory

C. Facial