animal responses

what is function of brain in the CNS?

• receives and processes sensory information

• initiates responses

• stores memories

• generates thoughts and emotions

what is the function of spinal cord in CNS?

• conducts signals from brain

• reflex actions

what is function of somatic nervous system?

• voluntary movements

what is function of autonomic nervous system?

• involuntary response

what is function of sympathetic system?

• ‘fight or flight’

• gets the body ready for action

• releases Noradrenaline

what is function of parasympathetic system?

• ‘rest and digest’

• calms the body down

• releases acetyl choline

does sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation occur together?

• yes

• information from external and internal receptors is def into brain continuously and used to alter the abalone of stimulation between the 2 systems in order to ensure an appropriate response

what is cerebrum brain functions?

• consciousness

• intelligence

• memory

• language

what is cerebellum brain functions?

• muscle coordination

• balance

• involuntary movements

what is medulla oblongata brain functions?

• unconscious activities e.g breathing heartbeat

what is pituitary gland brain functions?

• ‘master gland’ secretes several hormones in response to body conditions

what is hypothalamus brain functions?

• monitors blood temperature

• water balance

what are features of cerebrum?

• has 2 hemispheres (sides) which are connected by neurones called corpus callosum

• gray matter called cerebral cortex and contains areas responsible fro specific activities like reasoning and decision making

• white matter has axons that connect different parts of grey matter to each other

• ventricles produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

what are features of cerebral cortex?

• sensory cortex received impulses indirectly from sensory receptors, size relates to sensitivity

• motor cortex sends impulses to effectors, the size relates to complexity

what are features of cerebellum?

• receives information from the retina, inner ear, spindle fibres in the muscle to coordinate this control

• the conscious decision to contract muscles comes from the cerebral cortex, however it is the cerebellum that coordinates the muscle movements of learnt activities such as riding a bike

what are features of medulla oblongata?

• controls the involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth) by negative feedback and contains several centres e.g cardiac centre, respiratory centre, vasomotor centre

• also controls peristalsis and coughing

what are features of hypothalamus?

• main controlling region for autonomic nervous system, 2 centres the parasympathetic and sympathetic

• complex behaviour patterns: feeding, sleeping, aggression

• monitors blood composition: plasma, glucose, water balance

• produces hormones as an endocrine gland

what is features of posterior pituitary gland and examples?

• releases hormones which are made in hypothalamus and pass down neurosecretory cells

release control responses to stress, growth, reproduction and lactation

• e.g prolactin and oxytocin in breast

ADH in kidney

Gonadotrophins in testicle and ovary

what are features of anterior pituitary gland and examples?

• produces it’s own hormones in response to releasing factors produced by the hypothalamus

describe transportation of posterior pituitary hormone

explain the pituitary gland function