UCSP Review: Gender, Social Stratification, Ethnicity, and Exceptionalities

Vocabulary flashcards covering core sociological concepts in Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (UCSP), including gender constructs, socioeconomic stratification, race and ethnicity, and categories of exceptionalities.

Gender

Social, cultural, and psychological characteristics or traits related to males and females based on a certain social context.

Sex

The biological characteristics that distinguish a male from a female.

Masculinity

A set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with boys and men.

Femininity

A set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women.

Gender stereotype

A generalized view or preconception about attributes or characteristics, or the roles that are or ought to be possessed by, or performed by women and men.

Gender role

A social role encompassing behaviors and attitudes generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality.

High-income / Upper Class

The elite wealthy group in a society, consisting of people earning an average of PhP 200,000 per month.

Middle-income Class

A socio-economic class consisting of people earning an average of PhP 36,000 per month, such as businessmen, professionals, teachers, clerks, and small-scale entrepreneurs.

Lower Class

A socio-economic class consisting of laborers and minimum wage earners who earn less than PhP 10,000 per month.

Upper-lower class

A subcategory of the lower class that includes the working class and laborers, some of whom are under-employed.

Lower-lower class

A subcategory of the lower class consisting of people who are unemployed or have no source of income except begging or depending on private and government relief.

Ethnicity

A group of people who have a common or shared culture, language, history, religion, and tradition.

Race

A group of people that shares the same physical attributes, such as skin color, height, and facial features.

Racism

Prejudice or discrimination against people of other races, based on the idea that one's race is superior to others.

Ethnocentrism

Discrimination based on differences in culture.

Genocide

The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Ethnic cleansing

The systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and/or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group.

Religion

A belief system that emphasizes a supernatural being and serves as one of society's important institutions.

Secular country

A state wherein the government does not prescribe a specific set of activities or laws based on religion.

Exceptionality

A quality or characteristic of a person that makes him or her different from an established norm in a society.

Intellectual exceptionality

A broad category of exceptionality that includes students who have superior intelligence as well as those who are slow to learn.

Communicative exceptionality

A broad category of exceptionality encompassing students who have special learning disabilities or speech or language impairments.

Sensory exceptionality

A broad category of exceptionality consisting of students with audio or visual disabilities.

Behavioral exceptionality

A broad category of exceptionality that includes students who are emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted.

Physical exceptionality

A broad category of exceptionality that includes students with orthopedic or mobility disabilities.

Multiple exceptionalities

A broad category of exceptionality referring to students who have a combination of conditions, such as being orthopedically challenged and visually impaired.