nervous system week 3

usually 3-4

how many cervical ganglia are there

usually 12

thoracic ganglia

usually 4

lumbar ganglia

usually 4

sacral ganglia

CN III, ciliary ganglion, smooth m. in eye, constrict pupil

Pathway of CN III

CN VII, pterygopalatine ganglion, lacrimal gland, inc. tear production

1st pathway of CN VII

CN VII, sublingual ganglion, submandibular gland, inc. salvation

2nd pathway of CN VII

CN IX, otic ganglion, parotid gland, inc. salvation

pathway for CN IX

CN X, intramural ganglia, cardiac m., dec. heart rate

1st pathway for CN X

CN X, intramural ganglia, smooth m. in digestive tract, inc. blood flow

2nd pathway for CN X

sacral spinal cord, intramural ganglion, smooth m. in pelvic organs, inc. urine excretion

Pathway for sacral spinal cord

upper thoracic spinal cord, superior cervical ganglion, smooth m. in eye, dilate pupil

1st Pathway for upper thoracic spinal cord (head)

upper thoracic spinal cord, upper thoracic chain ganglion, cardiac m., inc. heart rate

2nd pathway upper thoracic spinal cord (thorax)

lower thoracic spinal cord, celiac ganglion, smooth m. in stomach or intestines, dec. blood flow

pathway for lower thoracic spinal cord

pre g= long, post g = short

what is the difference between pre ganglion and post ganglion for parasympathetic division of ANS

pre g=short, post g= long

what is the difference between pre ganglion and post ganglion for sympathetic division of ANS

Fibrous layer of the eye

collective. white part and the clear part

sclera

region. just the white part

cornea

structure. outermost clear part

Vascular layer of the eye

entire red line running inside eye

choroid of the eye

region. continuous width at the back of the eye

ciliary body

collective. where it wides out, anterior part of the eye

ciliary muscle

backing of love seat

ciliary processes

white lines on seat

iris

colored part

pupil

space inside iris

constrictor pupillae m.

lines inside of iris

dilator pupillae m.

lines outside of iris

retina

internal structure. purple and orange

optic part of the retina

portion: orange part

nonvisual part of the retina

portion: purple part

ora serrata

serrated edge between orange and purple

macula

structure. yellow disc lateral to opening at back

fovea centralis:dense with cones so it is the area of sharpest vision

depression. probe inside yellow disc

optic disc

yellow disc that has vascularization that aligns with opening

optic nerve

corn cob structure at the back of the eye

central artery of the retina

red line in optic nerve

lens

bubbled 2 clear parts

suspensory ligament of the lens

bq only: attaches to ciliary body

anterior segment of the eye

region: entire segment from cornea to lens

aqueous humor of the eye

fluid: fluid that fills the anterior segment

anterior chamber of the eye

space: cornea to iris

posterior chamber of the eye

space: iris to the lens

posterior segment of the eye

region. lens to optic nerve

vitreous body of the eye

fluid. fluid that fills posterior segment

1) cornea
2) aqueous humor
3) lens
4) vitreous body

what is the summary of refractive media or the pathway of light

superior rectus m.

12 o clock

inferior rectus m.

6 oclock

medial rectus m.

3 oclock

lateral rectus m.

9 oclock

superior oblique m.

2 oclock. connected to blue thing

trochlea of the eye

sits medially; blue thing attached to superior oblique m.

inferior oblique m.

cradles under the eye and runs transverse

levator palpebrae superioris m.

attached to eye brain, most superior

superior eyelids

top eyelid

inferior eyelids

bottom eyelid

palpebral fissure

space between eyelids

eyelashes

microstructure. probe brush up on eyelashes

bulbar conjunctiva: its many blood vessels can become irritated producing bloodshot eyes

covers eye itself. same showing as palpebral fissure

palpebral conjunctiva

probe inside inferior eyelid

lacrimal caruncle

structure: tear duct inner corner of eye

lacrimal gland: makes tears

structure: brain looking thing, most superior “eye brain”

lacrimal sac

pink sac on medial side of eye

auricle

collective: entire ear

lobule of the auricle

lobe of the ear. pinch

helix

structure outer ridge

tragus

structure. medial to earhole

concha

depression. divit in the ear

external acoustic meatus

passageway. probe through earhole inside earhole

tympanic membrane

structure. small little eardrum

lateral wall

probe in external acoustic meatus

medial wall

inside of tympanic membrane

oval window

opening: oval hole

round window

opening: round hole

posterior wall

take tympanic membrane out and behind it

mastoid cells

pink golf ball like structure

anterior wall

hand in front of tympanic membrane

eustachian tube

passage. behind tympanic membrane in canal

malleus b.,incus b., stapes b.

bq only: what structues make up the auditory ossicles

malleus b.

golf club on tympanic membrane

head of the malleus b.

bottom part not directly attached

handle of the malleus b.

directly attached to tympanic membrane

incus b.

not touching membrane

stapes b.

cow bell

head of the stapes b.

little numb

footplate of the stapes b.

flat part underneath

bony labyrinth

bq only: filled with fluid called perilymph

semicircular canals

all of the loops

anterior semicircular canal

back of the chair

posterior semicircular canal

arm of the chair

lateral semicircular canal

seat of the chair

vestibule of the bony labyrinth

junction. where all arches meet

cochlea

snail shell

modiolus of the cochlea

structure. yellow divits

osseous spiral lamina

bq only: partially divides the cochlea into two channels

scala vestibuli

spaces. upper space. V/T

scala tympani

spaces. lower space. V/T

helicotrema

feature. tip of snail shell

membranous labyrinth

bq only: filled with a fluid called endolymph

semicircular ducts:within the semicircular canals

clear tubes