Biostatistics

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Last updated 1:47 PM on 7/20/26
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9 Terms

1
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Define chi-squared test

  1. The chi-squared test is a statistical test used to determine the statistical significance of any deviation between the expected and observed results, and the probability that such deviation is due to chance.

2
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Define p-value of chi-squared test

  1. p-value is the probability that the difference between the expected and observed results is due to chance.

  2. The chance events could be due to small sample size or counting error.

3
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Describe a suitable conclusion for the null hypothesis to not be rejected

  1. For () degrees of freedom, calculated chi-squared value of () is less than critical chi-squared value of ().

  2. The probability that the deviation is due to chance is more than 0.05.

  3. The deviation between the expected and observed values is statistically insignificant and due to chance.

  4. Do not reject null hypothesis.

  5. Therefore, the observed values are consistent with the expected ratio of 9:3:3:1/ 1:1:1:1.

4
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Describe a suitable conclusion for the null hypothesis to not be rejected

  1. For () degrees of freedom, calculated chi-squared value of () is less than critical chi-squared value of ().

  2. The probability that the deviation is due to chance is more than 0.05.

  3. The deviation between the expected and observed values is statistically insignificant and due to chance.

  4. Do not reject null hypothesis.

  5. Therefore, the observed values are consistent with the expected ratio of 9:3:3:1/ 1:1:1:1.

5
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Describe a suitable conclusion for the null hypothesis to be rejected

  1. For () degrees of freedom, calculated chi-squared value of () is more than critical chi-squared value of ().

  2. The probability that the deviation is due to chance is less than 0.05.

  3. The deviation between the expected and observed values is statistically significant and not due to chance.

  4. Reject null hypothesis.

  5. Therefore, the observed values are not consistent with the expected ratio of 9:3:3:1/ 1:1:1:1.

6
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Define standard deviation

  1. Standard deviation measures the spread of the data about the mean.

7
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Describe the distribution of data for a typical normal distribution curve

  1. 99.7% between +- 3s.d.

  2. 95.4% between +- 2s.d.

  3. 68.3% between +-1s.d.

8
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Define t-test

  1. The t-test is a statistical test used to compare the means of two sets of data and determine if there is any significant difference between them.

9
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Define p-value of t-test

  1. p-value is the probability that the difference between the means of sample 1 and sample 2 is due to chance.