TT Susan 11: All Madd and Tajweed Elongation Rules

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the types of Al Mad (lengthening), their causes (hamza or sukun), durations, and rankings according to Tajweed rules.

Al Madd At-Tabi'i

The natural or original lengthening of the sound of a madd letter for a duration of $2$ haraka.

Madd Al-Silah Al-Sughra

A minor or lesser connecting lengthening that occurs when the masculine pronoun is between two vowelled letters and the second letter is not a hamza.

Madd Al-Arid Li-Sukun

A temporary lengthening that occurs when a natural madd is followed by a letter that becomes sakin due to stopping; its duration can be $2$, $4$, or $6$ counts.

Al Madd ul Far'i

The secondary madd, which is an additional lengthening of the madd sound beyond the natural madd caused by either a hamza or a sukun.

Haraka

A unit of measurement for the duration of lengthening; a count.

Madd Al Wajibul Mutasil

The required or obligatory connected lengthening, where a letter of madd is followed by a hamza in the same word, usually lasting $4$ or $5$ counts.

Al Madd al Jaze al Munfasil

The allowed or permissible separated lengthening, where a madd letter is at the end of one word and a hamza is at the beginning of the next.

Qasr

The shortening of a madd to its natural duration of $2$ counts.

Madd al Mufasil al Hukmi

A lengthening that is visually connected in the Quranic script but takes the rule of separated madd because its words are originally distinct, such as in "Ya ayyuha."

Madd Al-Silah Al-Kubra

The major or greater connecting lengthening that occurs when the masculine pronoun sits between two vowelled letters and the second letter is a hamza; it follows the rules of the separated madd ($4$ to $5$ counts).

Madd Al-Badal

Substitution lengthening, which occurs whenever the hamza precedes the madd letter; it is typically lengthened for $2$ counts.

Madd Al Leen

A lengthening that occurs only when stopping on a word containing a waw or ya sakin preceded by a fatha, with the vowel on the following letter becoming a temporary sukun.

Madd Al-Lazim

A necessary or compulsory lengthening of $6$ counts that occurs when a madd or leen letter is followed by an original (permanent) sukun.

Madd Al-Lazim Kalimi

A necessary lengthening that occurs within a word (Kalimi), such as one containing a shaddah representing an original sukun.

Madd Al-Lazim Harfi

A necessary lengthening involving the separated letters at the start of certain Surahs whose pronunciation consists of three letters with a sukun in the middle.

Ranking of Madds

The hierarchy of the strength of lengthenings from strongest to weakest: Al-Lazim, Al-Mutasil, Al-Arid Li-Sukun, Al-Munfasil, and lastly Al-Badal.