Adult Language Disorders and Cognitive-Based Dysfunction

These flashcards cover key concepts related to adult language disorders, including definitions and characteristics of various types of aphasia, strokes, traumatic brain injury, and dementia.

Aphasia

A language disorder that is acquired after an individual has developed language competence, resulting from neurological injury to the language-dominant hemisphere of the brain.

Right Hemisphere Dysfunction

Results from neurological damage to the right cerebral hemisphere, affecting cognition and language but with symptoms different from those seen with aphasia.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Neurological damage to the brain resulting from external forces, leading to long-term medical, vocational, and social needs.

Dementia

A chronic and progressive decline in memory, cognition, language, and personality resulting from central nervous system dysfunction.

Ischemic Stroke

Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is inhibited due to an occlusion in an artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Occurs when blood leaks into brain tissue due to the rupture of weakened or diseased blood vessels.

Broca's Aphasia

Results from damage to the frontal lobe, characterized by slowed, halting speech production and moderate auditory comprehension problems. Nonfluent and good comprehension.

Wernicke's Aphasia

Results from brain injury to the posterior regions of the temporal lobe, characterized by fluent speech that lacks meaningful content.

Anomic Aphasia

A type of aphasia where a person is fluent and expressive but has difficulty in naming words.

Taxonomy (in aphasia classification)

A classification system that differentiates types of aphasia based on the characteristics of the disorder and the location of brain damage.

Fluency

A qualitative aspect of communication that describes the flow, intonation, and rate of speech.

Cognitive-Linguistic Disorder

A dysfunction that affects both cognitive and linguistic abilities, often resulting from right hemisphere damage.

Echolalia

The phenomenon where an individual repeats spoken language as a symptom, often seen in Transcortical Sensory Aphasia.

Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder that affects the physical production of speech due to neurological injury.

Anomia

The inability to retrieve and produce targeted words during communication, often seen in various types of aphasia.