Northern Europe: Geography, Countries, and Economy

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the geography, natural landscapes, language families, natural resources, agriculture, industry, and national statistics of Northern Europe based on the lecture notes.

Észak-Európa (Northern Europe Geographic Scope)

A geographic region encompassing Izland, the Skandináv-félsziget, and the Jylland-félsziget.

Countries of Észak-Európa

The group of northern European nations consisting of Izland, Norvégia, Svédország, Finnország, and Dánia.

Population Density in Northern Europe

The demographic contrast where Dánia has high population density (nagy népsűrűség), while Izland has low population density (alacsony népsűrűség).

Germanic Languages in Northern Europe

The branch of languages spoken by the Swedish (svédek), Norwegian (norvégok), Danish (dánok), and Icelandic (izlandiak) peoples.

Finnish Language Family

Belongs to the Uralic language family (urali nyelvcsalád), distinct from its Germanic-speaking neighbors.

Balti-ősföld

An abraded, denuded lowland (lepusztult síkvidék) shaped primarily by the erosive and destructive work of glacial ice.

Finn-tóvidék

The Finnish lake district whose landscape primarily preserves and displays the geological traces of glacial ice activity.

Geological Formation of Izland

An actively forming island where tectonic plates diverge, magma breaches the surface through rifts to form a mid-ocean ridge (óceánközépi hátság), resulting in regular volcanic activity.

Role of the Sea in Northern Europe

A decisive economic factor facilitating fishing (halászat) and shipping (hajózás); fishing is paramount in Izland's economy, while shipping was aided by the Skandináv-félsziget's deeply indented coastline.

Fjord

A steep, U-shaped valley created by a glacier that was subsequently flooded by the sea.

Északi-tenger Reserves

Subsea deposits beneath the North Sea floor containing petroleum (kőolaj) and natural gas (földgáz), which serve as Norvégia's most significant export commodity.

Skandináv-hegység Iron Ore

High-volume deposits of iron ore (vasérc) noted not only for their vast quantity but also for their outstanding quality.

Skandináv-félsziget Vegetation

A region dominated by vast forests, featuring dense coniferous forests (taiga/tajga) with low annual mean temperatures and sub-freezing monthly temperatures, transitioning to deciduous forests (lombhullató erdők) in the south.

Arctic Circle Region (Északi sarkkörön túl)

A cold-zone territory where winter monthly mean temperatures range from $-20$ to $-30\,^\circ\text{C}$, dominated by tundra climate, sparse vegetation (mosses, lichens, dwarf shrubs), and the aurora borealis (sarki fény).

Rénszarvastenyésztés

Reindeer herding, which is the agricultural and pastoral activity practiced in the northern tundra zone.

Svédország

A monarchy with Stockholm as its capital, an area recorded as O 2854m², and a population of 10.4 million (10,4 millió fő).

Agriculture in Dánia

An entirely lowland country where 60% of the land is arable, specializing in rye (rozs), potatoes (burgonya), fodder crops (takarmánynövények), dairy cattle, and significant pig farming.

Scandinavian Industrial Brands

Leading manufacturing enterprises including automobile producer Volvo, aircraft manufacturer Gripen, and the world-famous Danish toy maker LEGO.

Élhető skandináv országok

Livable Scandinavian countries distinguished by a high standard of living, environmental consciousness, and the use of renewable energy sources such as geothermal and water energy.

Norvégia

A monarchy with Oslo as its capital, an area recorded as 385 ezer m², and a population of 5.4 million (5,4 millió fő).

Dánia

A monarchy with Koppenhága as its capital, an area recorded as 42 8332m², and a population of 5.8 million (5,8 millió fő).

Finnország

A republic (köztársaság) with Helsinki as its capital, an area of $338\,424\,\text{km}^2$, and a population of 5.5 million (5,5 millió fő).