Chapter 3

What are the five steps of scientific research?

1) Research Question and Hypothesis

2) Research Design

3) Gather Data

4) Data Analysis

5) Conclusion

In Research Design, what are the two studies?

Quantitative and Qualitative studies

Define Quantitative Studies. Give one example.

Studies are statistically sophisticated studies. An example of this would be survey analysis

Define Qualitative Studies. Give one example.

Studies are interpretative observations. An example of this would be participant observation.

What is the independent variable?

In sociology, the independent variable will be the presumed cause that the researcher uses to test the outcome of the variable.

What is the dependent variable?

In sociology, the dependent variable will be the presumed effect that is made due to the independent variable.

Give an example where the independent and the dependent variable are used.

For example, Income and Education will be used. The level of education will be the independent variable, while income would be the dependent variable.

Define Primary Data with an example

Primary data is original data gathered specifically for the project. Examples would be focus groups, interviews, and original surveys.

Define Secondary Data with an example

Secondary data is the data gathered from an earlier study or purpose. Examples include focus books, government statistics, and past records.

What are the control group and the experimental group?

The experimental group is exposed to the variable one is examining, while the control group is NOT exposed.

What would be an example to test out the control group and the experimental group?

It would be playing violent video games and testing if it causes aggressive behavior.