Quiz 5 Sociology Race and Ethnicity

Social concept

Is race a social or scientific concept?

One Drop Rule of Blood

Labelling one's race even if only one of their family members race is different; purification of whites

Brown Bag Hypothesis

Discrimination of Italian immigrants based on if their skin tone was darker than a brown paper bag

Human Genome Project

Genetically, all human beings are nearly identical

What % of the gene pool contributes to racial differences?

Thomas Theorem (race)

Assumptions based on race can have real-world consequences on people

Racism in education

Only being taught certain world history to benefit a race

Colorism

Assuming race based on physical traits

Ethnicity

A group's national origin, language, and cultural/religious practices

Asians, hispanics

Examples of homoginized groups

Minorities

Less powerful groups dominated politically and economically by a more powerful group, and often discriminated against based on characteristics

False; example being more women than men, women still considered minority

Minorities are based on numbers

Durkheim's mechanical solidarity

Social groups that are held together by shared language and culture are more durable and stable; explains the cohesion of ethnic groups

True

Racism is never positively functional

Genocide

Worst form of majority-minority social interaction

Cultural Pluralism (ethnic groups coexist with equal social standing)

Best form of majority-minority social interaction

Amalgamation

Uniting a majority and minority group

1967 Loving v. Virginia

Interracial marriage becomes a constitutional right

Assimilation

Members of a minority group come to adopt the culture of the majority group

We all turn the same

The US is a "melting pot"

Segregation

Distinct social groups are kept physically and socially separate and unequal

Defacto segregation

Self-segregation; extremely common with every race

Dejure segregation

Segregation mandated by law

Expulsion

The process of forcibly removing a population from a particular area; Trail of Tears

Internal colonialism

Slavery

Prejudice

Preconceptions of a group

Discrimination

Acts based on prejudice

Withdrawal

Physically escaping the worst oppression; migration

Passing

Blending in with the dominant group; foreigners changing their names

Code-switching

Complying with social expectations of the majority in public, but not in private; speaking Spanish at home but English in public

Resistance

Actively asserting oneself in defiance of majority discrimination

White privilege

Social or economic benefits or advantages that come with being white and is largely unrecognized by whites

Double Consciousness (W.E.B. DuBois)

The sense of having more than one social identity, which can make it difficult to develop a sense of self

Dueling Consciousness (Ibram X Kendi)

The struggle to choose between two competing concept of race; African Americans

Microaggressions

Common, seemingly innocent statements or questions that reflect prejudice

Stereotyping

Generalizing a set of characteristics to all members of a group

Yes

Can positive stereotypes be racist?

Individual racism

Intentional unequal treatment of one person based on prejudice; switching roommates due to someone's race

Institutional racism

Intentional unequal treatment of a group based on prejudice, and put into law; not hiring someone because they are Asian

Racism in healthcare

Only being taught symptoms of diseases on white people

Active bigot - prejudiced discriminator

Actively discriminating and being open about it

Timid bigot - prejudiced nondiscriminator

Having preconceived notions but not actively discriminating

Fair-weather liberal - unprejudiced discriminator

Discrimination without notions; not hiring someone based on race because boss tells you so

All-weather liberal - unprejudiced nondiscriminator

No discrimination or notions, but will not intervene a discriminatory act

Internalized racism

Accepting the negative messages of racism and white privilege; Doll experiment

Colorblind racism

Failing to see race, saying race has no meaning

Race is defined as

A group sharing physicals traits society deems socially significant

The Human Genome Project showed that:

Humans share most of their DNA

The One-Drop Rule classified people with any known Black ancestry as:

Black

The Brown Paper Bag Test illustrates:

Colorism

Irish immigrants eventually became incorporated into which category?

White Americans

Ethnicity is primarily based on:

Shared cultural heritage

Minority status is mainly about:

Power

A numerical majority can still be a minority group if it:

Lacks social power

Thomas Theorem states:

Definitions of situations have real consequences

Racial stereotypes in public spaces may affect who is perceived as:

Threatening

Colorism refers to:

Unequal treatment based on skin tone

Racialization is:

Assigning racial meaning to people or practices

Microaggressions are:

Seemingly innocent statements reflecting racial bias

Double consciousness was developed by:

Du Bois

Durkheim's mechanical solidarity emphasizes:

Shared culture and language

Cultural pluralism means:

Groups maintain identities while sharing equal status

Amalgamation refers to:

Blending through intermarriage and integration

Assimilation occurs when:

Minorities adopt majority culture

Segregation is:

Physical and social separation of groups

Expulsion means:

Forced removal of a population

Internal colonialism involves:

Dominant-group control within the same country

Genocide is:

Systematic destruction of a group

Withdrawal is a response involving:

Migration or ethnic enclaves

Passing Involves:

Blending with the dominant group

Codeswitching means:

Acting one way publicly and another privately

White privilege refers to:

Unrecognized advantages associated with being White

Prejudice is:

A belief resistant to contrary evidence

Stereotyping means:

Generalizing traits to all members of a group

Institutional discrimination is:

Discrimination embedded in institutions and practices

According to Merton, who rejects prejudice and consistently opposes discrimination even at personal cost?

All-Weather Liberal