Exercise Physiology Exam 2

Chronic energy surplus

A condition where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, leading to potential weight gain.

REE

Resting Energy Expenditure; accounts for 60-75% of total energy expenditure in an average adult.

PAEE

Physical Activity Energy Expenditure; 15-30% of energy expenditure in an average adult.

TEF

Thermic Effect of Food; roughly 10% of energy expenditure, influenced by diet's macronutrient composition.

TEF for Protein

20-30%; indicates the energy used for digesting and metabolizing protein.

TEF for Carbohydrates (CHO)

5-10%; refers to the energy required for digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates.

TEF for Fat

0-3%; the least energy required for digestion and metabolism of fats.

MET

Metabolic Equivalent of Task; a measure of energy expenditure.

Indirect calorimetry

A method to measure energy expenditure by assessing oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

RER

Respiratory Exchange Ratio; calculated as VCO2/VO2 and indicates substrate utilization.

Low RER

Indicates predominant fat oxidation; signifies a greater reliance on fat for energy.

High RER

Indicates predominant CHO oxidation; shows greater reliance on carbohydrates for energy.

VO2 max

Maximum oxygen consumption; a measure of aerobic capacity.

Lactate Threshold (LT)

The exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds lactate clearance.

Doubly labeled water

Water containing isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, considered a gold-standard method for measuring energy expenditure in free-living conditions.

Accuracy of accelerometers

Measures movement intensity; placement affects measurement accuracy.

Self-report energy expenditure

Can lead to overestimation bias in physical activity levels.

Oxygen consumption

Measured in mL/kg/min; used to express VO2.

Energy Efficiency

Approximately 60% of energy expenditure is lost as heat.

What is the primary measure of energy expenditure during rest in an average adult?

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) accounts for 60-75%.

What does an increase in VO2 indicate during digestion?

Energy needed for digestion and absorption increases VO2.

What is the main benefit of direct calorimetry?

Accurately measures total heat production.

What does a low RER suggest about energy sources during exercise?

Predominance of fat oxidation over carbohydrates.