Holes Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

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78 Terms

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anatomy

Branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts

<p>Branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts</p>
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physiology

concerns the functions of body parts- what they do and how they do it

<p>concerns the functions of body parts- what they do and how they do it</p>
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Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

<p>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level</p>
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receptors

Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.

<p>Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.</p>
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set point

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

<p>the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.</p>
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effectors

-produces a response e.g.muscle contracts to move hand away from stimulus or gland squeezes and releases hormone into blood.

<p>-produces a response e.g.muscle contracts to move hand away from stimulus or gland squeezes and releases hormone into blood.</p>
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negative feedback

A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

<p>A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.</p>
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axial

Relating to head, neck, and trunk, the axis of the body

<p>Relating to head, neck, and trunk, the axis of the body</p>
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appendicular

Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis

<p>Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis</p>
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Anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

<p>To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward</p>
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Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

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inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

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Anterior

front of the body

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Posterior

toward the back

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Medial

Toward the midline of the body

<p>Toward the midline of the body</p>
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Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

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Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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Superficial

near the surface

<p>near the surface</p>
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Deep

away from the surface of the body

<p>away from the surface of the body</p>
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Sagittal

A plane that divides the body into right and left portions.

<p>A plane that divides the body into right and left portions.</p>
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Transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

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Frontal

pertaining to the forehead

<p>pertaining to the forehead</p>
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Abdominal

pertaining to the abdomen

<p>pertaining to the abdomen</p>
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Acromial

point of shoulder

<p>point of shoulder</p>
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Antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

<p>pertaining to the forearm</p>
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Antecubital

space in front of the elbow

<p>space in front of the elbow</p>
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Axillary

pertaining to the armpit

<p>pertaining to the armpit</p>
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Brachial

pertaining to the arm

<p>pertaining to the arm</p>
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Carpal

pertaining to the wrist

<p>pertaining to the wrist</p>
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Cephalic

pertaining to the head

<p>pertaining to the head</p>
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Cervical

pertaining to the neck

<p>pertaining to the neck</p>
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Costal

pertaining to the ribs

<p>pertaining to the ribs</p>
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Coxal

pertaining to the hip

<p>pertaining to the hip</p>
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Cubital

elbow

<p>elbow</p>
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Crural

lower leg

<p>lower leg</p>
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Digital

fingers, toes

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Dorsal

pertaining to the back

<p>pertaining to the back</p>
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Femoral

pertaining to the thigh

<p>pertaining to the thigh</p>
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Frontal

pertaining to the forehead

<p>pertaining to the forehead</p>
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Genital

reproductive organs

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Gluteal

pertaining to the buttocks

<p>pertaining to the buttocks</p>
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Inguinal

pertaining to the groin

<p>pertaining to the groin</p>
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Lumbar

area of back between ribs and hips

<p>area of back between ribs and hips</p>
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Mammary

pertaining to the breast

<p>pertaining to the breast</p>
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Mental

pertaining to the chin

<p>pertaining to the chin</p>
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Nasal

pertaining to the nose

<p>pertaining to the nose</p>
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Occipital

back of head

<p>back of head</p>
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Oral

pertaining to the mouth

<p>pertaining to the mouth</p>
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Orbital

eye cavity

<p>eye cavity</p>
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Palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

<p>pertaining to the palm of the hand</p>
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Patellar

kneecap

<p>kneecap</p>
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Pectoral

pertaining to the chest

<p>pertaining to the chest</p>
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Pedal

pertaining to the foot

<p>pertaining to the foot</p>
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Pelvic

pelvis region

<p>pelvis region</p>
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Perineal

region between the anus and the external reproductive organs

<p>region between the anus and the external reproductive organs</p>
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Plantar

sole of foot

<p>sole of foot</p>
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Popliteal

area behind the knee

<p>area behind the knee</p>
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Sacral

Posterior region between the hip bones

<p>Posterior region between the hip bones</p>
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Sternal

breastbone area

<p>breastbone area</p>
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Sural

Calf or posterior surface of the leg

<p>Calf or posterior surface of the leg</p>
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Tarsal

ankle region

<p>ankle region</p>
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Umbilical

pertaining to the navel

<p>pertaining to the navel</p>
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Vertebral

area of spinal column

<p>area of spinal column</p>
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pubic region

Middle Lower Abdominal region

<p>Middle Lower Abdominal region</p>
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right hypochondriac region

Upper Right region

<p>Upper Right region</p>
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right inguinal region

Lower-right section of the abdomen,

<p>Lower-right section of the abdomen,</p>
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Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Lower Right Quadrant of Abdomials

<p>Lower Right Quadrant of Abdomials</p>
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right inguinal region

right lower region of Abdominals

<p>right lower region of Abdominals</p>
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Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Upper Right quadfrant of Abdominals

<p>Upper Right quadfrant of Abdominals</p>
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epigastric region

top middle region

<p>top middle region</p>
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left hypochondriac region

left upper region below the rib cartilage

<p>left upper region below the rib cartilage</p>
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left inguinal region

lower left region of abdomen

<p>lower left region of abdomen</p>
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Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

lower left quadrant of abdomen

<p>lower left quadrant of abdomen</p>
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left inguinal region

left lower region of the lower row by the groin

<p>left lower region of the lower row by the groin</p>
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Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Upper left quadrant of abdomen

<p>Upper left quadrant of abdomen</p>
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Bilateral

Paired structures, one on each side

<p>Paired structures, one on each side</p>
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Ventral

belly side

<p>belly side</p>