Mind, body and soul

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Last updated 10:37 AM on 3/8/24
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20 Terms

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idealism
the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.
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the platonic forms
ideal concepts according to Plato
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formal cause

the features, or shape of something that allows it to be identified

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Philosophical Materialism

nothing exists except matter

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Philosophical Naturalism
the belief that all phenomena are natural in cause
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Hard Materialism
the view that all there is is the material world, even thoughts are material
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“ghost in the machine” 
a pejorative snipe at substance dualists; this maintained that the soul was somehow and incoherently inhabiting the body and directing it.
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Soft Materialism
the view that all there is matter; there can be a distinct part of the body that give purpose or even thought but this dies with the body.
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Emergent Materialism
  the belief that new property emerged from matter (such as consciousness) as matter (namely the brain) became more complex (typically seen through evolution)
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Reductive materialism
otherwise known as identity theory; the view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain.
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Substance Dualism
the belief that the mind and the body exist as two separate and distinct realities.
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Property Dualism
there is one substance, matter with 2 properties, the physical and the mental
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Dualism
the belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as physical and non-physical
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Rationalism
reason is the chief test and source of knowledge
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Empiricism
all knowledge is determined through observation and experience
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Soul
the non-physical presence of a person.
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Dawkins’ idea of soul 1 and soul 2
1 is like a traditional religious view; 2 is what animates you and make you distinct in your behaviours but what dies when the body dies.
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Mind vs. Brain
are they the same? If so how?
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Behaviourism
branch of psychology which maintains that all behaviour is determined; especially through genetic and sociological interactions.
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Visual binding problem
there is no explanations for how the brain subjectively experiences shape and colour together

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