Geography Knowledge Organiser: Development and the UK and Nigerian Economies

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing development indicators, global inequality, Nigeria's geography and economy, and the changing economy and infrastructure of the UK.

Development

An improvement in quality of life for one person or a group of people in one place.

Development gap

The difference between the most and least developed areas.

GNI

Gross National Income is the value of all goods and services produced within a country and abroad.

GDP

Gross Domestic Product is the value of all goods and services produced within a country.

GDP per capita

This is where GDP is divided by the population size to work out average wage.

Birth rate

The number of births per $1000$ per year in a place.

Death rate

The number of deaths per $1000$ per year in a place.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live within a country.

Infant mortality rate

The number of babies that die before their first birthday per $1000$ per year in a place.

Access to clean water

The percentage of people that have access to clean, safe water within a country.

Literacy rate

The percentage of a population that can read and write.

Environmental causes of uneven development

Natural hazards, landlocked countries, and climate.

Historical cause of uneven development

Colonialism.

Political causes of uneven development

Corrupt government and civil wars.

Economic migration

This is moving for the purpose of work, usually for higher wages.

Political migration

This is fleeing a country due to war, persecution or other dangers.

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment; when one country invests into another (for example, China investing into Kenya).

Industry

The growth of factories (for example, Shell Oil).

Tourism

The commercial organisation of holidays (for example, Brazil).

Aid

A donation (for example, Goat aid funded by Oxfam).

Fairtrade

A movement to ensure farmers get a fair wage for their work (for example, The coop).

Debt relief

Where HICs cancel the debt owed to them by LICs and NEEs (for example, Zambia's debt was cancelled by the G8).

Microfinance

This is a small loan (for example, The Grameen Bank).

Intermediate technology

Technology that is suited to the needs, skills and income of the community (for example, sand dams in Kenya).

Nigeria

A country located in Africa, colonised by Britain, which gained independence in $1960$ and a stable democratic government in $1999$.

Nigeria's biomes

Tropical rainforest and hot desert.

Nigeria's main religions

Christianity and Islam.

Nollywood

The $2^{\text{nd}}$ largest film industry in the world, demonstrating Nigeria's global importance.

Nigeria's regional importance

It is the $3^{\text{rd}}$ largest economy within Africa.

Nigeria's industrial structure

Economic structure that has shifted since $1999$ from the primary sector to the secondary sector.

Shell Oil

An example of a Transnational Corporation (TNC) operating in Nigeria.

Aduwan Healthcare centre

A healthcare centre in Nigeria that educates mothers on vaccinations, provides vaccinations, and reduces infant mortality rate.

Environmental problems in Nigeria

Water pollution, air pollution, and deforestation.

Nigeria's wider world relationships

International memberships including the United Nations, Commonwealth, and African Union.

UK industrial sector before 1750

The primary sector.

Industrial revolution in the UK

The period of industrialisation lasting from $1750 - 1900$.

Nationalisation

A period ($1945 - 1970\text{s}$) where the UK government bought and ran businesses.

Privatisation

A period ($1990\text{s}$) where the UK government sold off businesses to independent companies.

Post-industrial economy

The economic era occurring after secondary industry/industrial revolution.

Causes of UK tertiary sector growth

The development of IT and the development of finance.

UK north south divide

The real and perceived economic differences between the north and south of the UK, resulting in the North having lower life expectancy, lower pay, lower house prices, and lower GCSE outcomes.

Strategies to close the UK north south divide

HS2 and Local enterprise partnerships.

UK rural economies

The Outer Hebrides and South Cambridgeshire.

UK transport infrastructure

Smart motorways, HS2, Liverpool 2, and Heathrow airport.

Environmental impacts of industry in the UK

Air pollution and water pollution.

UK wider world relationships

International partnerships including the Commonwealth and the European Union (EU), which the UK left in $2021$.