Lecture 7 Carcass Components and Muscle Structure

What is the definition of meat?

Edible portions of domestic mammals used for food.

What is meat called from a bovine < 3 month of age called?

Veal

What is meat called from a bovine 3-9 months of age called?

Calf

What is meat called from a bovine 1-2 years of age called?

Beef

What is meat called from a Ovine < 3 month of age called?

Hothouse lamb

What is meat called from an ovine 3-9 months of age called?

Lamb

What is meat called from an ovine 1-2 years of age called?

Yearling Mutton

What is meat called from an ovine > 2 years of age called?

Mutton

What is meat called from a porcine < 3 month of age called?

Slaughter pig

What is meat called from a porcine 3-9 months of age called?

Butcher hog

What is meat called from a porcine 1-2 years of age called?

Packer sow, stag, or boar

What is meat called from a Caprine < 3 month of age called?

Cabritio

What is meat called from a caprine 3-9 months of age called?

Kid

What is meat called from a caprine 1-2 years of age called?

yearling

What is meat called from a Caprine> 2 years of age called?

Adult

T/F the meat of equine < 3 months of age is called filly meat?

False, ALL equine meat is called horse meat

Define carcass

eviscerated body of domestic mammals.

What are the major eviscerations of a carcass?

~ bone

~ connective tissue

~ muscle

~ fat

What are the minor eviscerations of a carcass?

~ skin

~ arteries

~ nerves

~ veins

define variety meat

What are the major eviscerations of a carcass?

What are some examples of variety meat?

~ Kidney

~ liver

~ heart

~ tongue

~ sweetbread

~ stomach

~ tripe

~ Etc.

Define reclaimed meat

products obtained from bone, fat or blood

What reclaimed meat is from bone?

Mechanically separated beef and pork

What reclaimed meat is from fat?

Lean finely textured beef

What reclaimed meat is from blood?

Plasma protein isolate

What are the two different types of processed meats

~ Frankfurters

~ Ham and bacon

What are frankfurters made from?

carcass meat with options of variety meats and/or reclaimed meat plus cure ingredients

What is ham and bacon made from?

carcass meat

What is carcass meat composed of?

composed of bone, connective tissue, muscle, and fat.

What are the functions of bone?

~ Protects organs

~ Levers for locomotion

~ Support and rigidity

What are the functions of connective tissue?

~ Part of skeleton • Connects muscle to bones • Harness, collects activity of muscle fibers

What are the functions of muscle?

~ produced energy

~ converts energy to work

What are the functions of Fat?

~ Storage of reserve energy

~ Insulation

~Protects vital organs

Define Muscle

Contractile organ composed of connective tissue, muscle fibers, and intramuscular fat.

Fill in the blanks

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle?

Epimysium

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle bundle?

Perimysium

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fiber?

Endomysium

What stromal proteins are found in connective tissue?

Collagen, Elastin, Reticulin

What is the most abundant stromal proteins found in connective tissue?

Collagen

T/F eating a stromal protein is a pleasant eating experience

False, good for function of animal not eating

What is the function of elastin?

Holds the animal up

Where does connective tissue disperse in?

a watery matrix called ground substance

Define intramuscular fat?

Deposits of fat in perimysium and endomysium

Define muscle fiber

Muscle cell, the smallest completely functional unit in the muscle.

What kind of appearance do muscle fibers have?

Straited appearance (alternating light and dark bands)

What are the lengths of the muscle fiber?

10 to 100 µm in diameter, 10 to 40 mm in length

Fill in the blanks

How many sarcomeres per myofibril?

(2,500 per fiber) 8,000 sarcomeres per myofibril

Fill in the blanks

Define sarcomere

basic contractile unit

Define A-Band

region of the muscle fibers, myofibrils and sarcomeres that contains both thick and thin myofilaments.

Define I-Band

region of the muscle fibers, myofilaments and sarcomeres that contain thin myofilaments only (Z-lines are in the middle of I-Bands).

Define thick myofilaments

primarily composed of myosin.

Define thin myofilaments

primarily composed of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.

Define M-line

structural protein that holds the thick myofilaments in register.

Define Z-line

structural protein that holds the thin myofilaments in register and serves to separate sarcomeres.

Define H-Zone

region of the A-Band that contains only thick myofilaments.

What is the appearance of muscle fibers?

multinucleated