Chemistry: Unit 2

The need for making educated decisions/ choices; logical judgement

Science Literacy

Study of composition, structure, and properties

Chemistry

A science that tries to understand how matter behaves by studying…

how atoms and molecules behave.

Dictionary Definition: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process

Scientific definition: any substance that has a definite composition

Chemical

O.I.P.A.B.T

Organic chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Biochemistry, Theoretical chemistry

Carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge; sometimes happens on chance discoveries

Basic Research

Carried out to solve a problem

Applied Research

Carried out to make products that will improve the quality of our lives

Technological Development

The resistance to change in motion, Is directly proportional to the amount of matter that has to be moved

Inertia

The energy of an object in motion

Kinetic Energy

The energy that an object has because of its position or composition (stored energy)

Potential Energy

depends on the amount of matter

Extensive

does not depend on the amount of matter

Intensive

Substance(s) that undergo a chemical change

Reactant

new substance(s) produced by a chemical reaction

Product

a process releasing heat

Exothermic Rxn

a process absorbing heat

Endothermic Rxn

A blend; combination of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own composition and properties

Mixtures

The composition (and so properties) are not uniform, it differs from point to point in the mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

The composition (and so properties) are uniform throughout

Homogeneous

a homogeneous sample of matter that has a fixed composition and properties, whatever the source

Pure substance

A pure substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical changes and is only made up of one kind of atom

Element

A pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more simple substances

Compound

also referred to as families

numbered 1-18

run vertically

elements within a group have similar chemical properties

Groups

numbered 1-7

run horizontally

the closer in the same period, the more similar they are

Period

Luster (shine), ductile (fine wires) & Malleable (thin sheets), high tensile strength (resist breaking), good reflectors of light, good conductors of heat & electricity, vary in hardness, all solids, except mercury

Metal

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, all states, solids are brittle

Nonmetals

inert, unreactive

Noble Gases

characteristics of both; semiconductors

Metalloids