Chapter 20 Study Zone

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as:

interstitial fluid.

plasma.

intracellular fluid.

lymph.

lymph

Lymph capillaries form a two-way system that moves lymph to and from the heart.

True

False

false

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) include the:

kidneys.

spleen.

tonsils.

liver.

tonsils

Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?

oil

antibody

mucus

keratin

antibody

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system?

thyroid gland

tonsil

thymus

liver

thymus

Surface barriers, such as the cutaneous and mucous membranes, provide innate immunity against pathogens.

True/false

false

What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?

basophils

eosinophils

antigen-presenting cells

natural killer (NK) cells

antigen-presenting cells

Which of the following is NOT a cytokine involved in innate immunity?

interferons

opsonins

interleukins

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

opsonins

How long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur?

2-3 minutes

2-3 hours

2-3 days

2-3 weeks

2-3 days

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

bone marrow

thymus

tonsils

thyroid gland

thymus

What protein, released by cytotoxic T (TC) cells, perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA?

interleukins

cytokines

interferons

perforins

perforins

Self antigens usually generate an immune response in our own bodies.

True

False

false

The only antibody not secreted in significant amounts by B cells

IgD

Binds antigens associated with parasitic pathogens and allergens

IgE

found in secretions such as breast milk and saliva

IgA

the first antibody secreted upon exposure to an antigen

IgM

the only antibody that can cross the placenta from mother to fetus

IgG

What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection?

plasma cell

helper T (TH) cell

natural killer (NK) cell

memory B cell

helper T (TH) cell

T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens, a function known as:

complement.

vaccination.

immune surveillance.

agglutination.

immune surveillance

Cancer cells can suppress T cell activity by releasing:

perforins.

pyrogens.

cytokines.

opsonins.

cytokines

Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in:

type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity

type II, or antibody-mediated, hypersensitivity

type III, or immune-complex mediated, hypersensitivity

type IV, or delayed-type, hypersensitivity

type II, or antibody-mediated, hypersensitivity

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV-1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

memory B cells

helper T (TH) cells

B cells

plasma cells

helper T (TH) cells

immunodeficiency disorders can result from a failure of one component of the immune system.

True

False

true

Which lymph trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs?

intestinal trunks

subclavian trunks

jugular trunks

bronchomediastinal trunks

subclavian trunks

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities?

tonsils

Peyer's patches

lymph nodes

appendix

tonsils

Where are pathogens filtered from lymph?

lacteals

tonsils

lymph nodes

spleen

lymph nodes

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the:

first line of defense.

second line of defense.

third line of defense.

fourth line of defense.

first line of defense

What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?

dendritic cells

cytokines

natural killer (NK) cells

lymphocytes

lymphocytes

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

redness

swelling (edema)

cold

pain

cold

Which of the following are true of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

Class I MHC molecules bind complement.

Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens.

Class I MHC molecules present exogenous antigens.

Class I MHC molecules are only present on erythrocyte surfaces.

Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens.

What is a determinant for organ compatibility and rejection of transplants?

pyrogens

perforins

interleukins

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

Activated B cells differentiate into:

effector cells and memory T cells.

plasma cells and memory B cells.

plasma cells and effector cells.

antibodies and memory B cells.

plasma cells and memory B cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

phagocytosis

opsonization

agglutination

neutralization

phagocytosis

vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit:

severe allergic reaction.

a secondary immune response.

a primary immune response.

passive immunity.

primary immune response

Type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity triggers plasma cells to secrete:

IgD

IgE

IgM

IgA

IgE

Mary's mosquito bite is red, warm, and swollen, indicating she is experiencing the effects of:

the inflammatory response.

interleukins.

tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

interferons.

the inflammatory response

B cells develop and mature in the:

lymph nodes.

liver.

bone marrow.

thymus.

bone marrow

A sinus infection would most likely cause swollen:

inguinal lymph nodes.

axillary lymph nodes.

cervical lymph nodes.

mesenteric lymph nodes.

cervical lymph nodes