COM 117 Chapter 3 Vocab

48 kHz

standard audio sampling rate for audio in video applications

4K

twice both the vertical and horizontal resolutions of HD

aperture

controls the amount of light hitting the sensor

APS-sized sensor (Advanced Photo System)

A light-gathering sensor that is cheaper to manufacture with fewer megapixels. Whether a camera is full-frame or APS-sized refers to the size of the sensor.

Bokeh

the out-of-focus portion of an image that results when a lens is used at its lowest depth of field setting

Cardioid microphone

commonly used for vocals and speech, this microphone is undirectional, or good at rejecting noise that comes from behind, such as sounds from the camera operator

Depth of field

the range of sharpness from foreground to background relative to the primary focus point

E.N.G.

Electronic News Gathering

full-frame sensor

cameras that have sensors that are much larger, with a larger number of megapixels, allowing a higher quality image

H.264

A codec primarily used in mobile phones and tablets

Codec

software tool that compresses and decompresses digital data, such as audio or video streams

HD

high definition, screen size 1920 x 1080 pixels, the ratio of the screen being 16:9

HDSLR

high definition single lens reflex

Hypercardioid microphone

a microphone with a large, frontal pickup pattern and a smaller pickup pattern behind, so that its entire pattern resembles a figure eight

lens

the optical "eye" of the camera through which light passes to the sensor

line level

the normal level or strength of the audio signal output from most electronic devices

m4v

format used for video files in the iTunes store

Mic Level

lower than line level, it needs to be amplified to achieve a higher output

miniplug cable jack

the same kind of jack found on a portable audio device or mobile phone

monaural (mono)

One-channel audio (right or left)

mov

container format for holding audio, video, effects, or text, primarily used by Apple Quicktime

mp3

Type of audio file used by portable audio players. The quality of the music file degrades as it is compressed to fit more music onto storage media

mp4

Container format that can be played on tablets and on the web; an international standard usable on a wide range of players

NTSC

National Television System Committee: format with a frame rate of 30 fps for broadcast television used in video cameras primarily purchased in the United States

Omni-directional microphone

These microphones pick up a sound in all directions, 360 sound

PAL

Phase Alternating Line: format with a frame rate of 25 fps for broadcast television used in video cameras primarily purchased in Europe

Phantom Power

some higher-end video cameras allow the camera to power the microphone. Noted in the camera as +48v

Prosumer

intended for either the professional or the casual consumer, within a budget of a couple of thousand dollars.

SD

standard definition, screen size 720 x 480 pixels, the ratio of the screen being 4:3

Shock mount

holds a microphone suspended in midair with special rubber bands, dampening vibration that could cause unwanted noise

shotgun microphone

the standard type of microphone for anyone shooting video, and especially news video, since it allows sound to be gathered from a distance

shutter speed

the length of time that light hits the sensor

stereo

two channel audio (right and left)

Wind screen

a foam or fur tube that surrounds a microphone, blocking wind noise

XLR connector

a three-pin connector commonly found in professional video cameras and cabling, mixing boards, and amplifiers

Lavalier Microphone

a small microphone designed to pick up speech from a single person, typically attached to the subject's clothing with a specialized clip

monopod

a single-legged support used for holding a camera

strobes

lights for studio photography which fire like an off-camera flash but are generally much larger

ASA/ISO

film speed

exposure

the amount of the light hitting the sensor

Normal lens

A lens that shows objects without severely exaggerating or reducing the depth of the scene's planes.

wide angle lens

a short focal length lens that provides a broad vista of a scene

Portrait Lens

Creates a shallow depth of field every time (blurry background) to bring attention to the subject

telephoto lens

a camera lens that produces a large image of distant or small objects

5,500

What is the temperature of daylight?

6-8 inches

How far underneath the chin should you attach a lavalier microphone?

-12 dB and peaks at -6 dB

What recording level should you aim for?

Wind screen

How do you reduce wind hitting a microphone?

monopod, gimble, shoulder rig

Other ways to steady a camera besides a tripod (List 3)

more noise/grain

What does high ISO create?

cleaner image

What does low ISO create?

SD and Compact Flash

What are the two types of memory cards used in digital cameras?

Full frame sensor

cameras that have sensors that are much larger, with a larger number of megapixels, allowing a higher quality image

APS-sized sensor

A light-gathering sensor that is cheaper to manufacture, with fewer megapixels. Narrower field of view