Edit · Honors Biology Unit 3 : Cells (The Ultimate Study Guide)

3 Parts of Cell Theory

1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.

3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Robert Hooke

- discovered the word cell

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

- Redesigned the microscope

- Discovered bacteria and called them animuciles

Zacharius Janssen

- Made first compound microscope

Rudolf Virchow

- Confirmed the 3 points of Theodore Schwann

Matthias Schleiden

- Botanist (Plant Scientist) that discovered plants are made of cells

Theodore Schwann

- Found out all animals are made of cells and cells come from pre-existing cells

Robert Brown

- Botanist

- Described cell nuclei

- Continuous motion of minute particles in solution

Cell Membrane

Ribosome

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Cell Wall

what is the wall on plant cells that protects the cell?

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Vacuole

Vesicle

Centriole

Nuclear Membrane/ Nuclear Envelope

Chromatin

What is the complex mixture of DNA, RNA, and proteins—primarily histones—found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Flagellum

Rough ER

Smooth ER

carries out lipid synthesis, regulates calcium levels, and detoxifies certain chemicals in the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Cytoskeleton

a dynamic, complex network of protein fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Nucleoplasm

membrane like substance within the nucleus

Nuclear Pores

The pores on a nucleus

Endomembrane System (The Protein Journey)

1) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

2) Ribosomes travel to the rough ER and start making proteins

3) The proteins travel to the Golgi Apparatus with transport vesicles

4)The Golgi Apparatus packages the proteins to exit the cell through the plasma membrane or stay in the cell

Endosymbiotic Theory

This theory says that the mitochondria and the chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells were once prokarotic cells. The evidence to prove this theory is the similar DNA, the structure is similar, and they both use binary fission to multiply.

no nucleus

prokaryotes

small and simple

prokaryotes

no organelles

prokaryotes

are very abundant

prokaryotes

all are unicellular

prokaryotes

cells have a sticky capsule

prokaryotes

all cells have a cell wall

prokaryotes

were the first cells

prokaryotes

live a wide variety of environments

prokaryotes

all are bacteria

prokaryotes

cells have a nucleus

eukaryotes

cells have organelles

eukaryotes

can be unicellular or multicellular

eukaryotes

have a cytoskeleton

eukaryotes

some have cilia

eukaryotes

includes everything that's not bacteria

eukaryotes

have ribosomes

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

have DNA

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

have cytoplasms

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

have a cell membrane

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

some have flagella

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes