HIstory IDsThe Columbian Exchange: The large-scale transfer of crops, animals, people, and disease between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia, a concept coined by historian Alfred Crosby; The Protestant Reformation: The religious movement that fractured Wester

The Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange is the large-scale transfer of crops, animals, people, and disease between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia, a term historian Alfred Crosby coined

The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was the religious movement that fractured Western Christianity into competing Catholic and Protestant camps

The Great Migration

The Great Migration: a wave of roughly 20,000 English Puritans who emigrated to New England

The House of Burgesses

The House of Burgesses was the first representative legislative assembly in English North America

The Stono Rebellion

The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave uprising in North America before the Revolution

John Winthrop

John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

The Anglo-Powhatan Wars

The Anglo-Powhatan Wars were between English Virginia and the Powhatan Confederacy

Cortés and the Fall of Tenochtitlan / La Noche Triste

Hernán Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec (Mexica) empire and its capital, Tenochtitlan

Roanoke, the "Lost Colony"

Roanoke was England's first colonization attempt in North America

Jamestown's "Starving Time"

Was the famine that nearly destroyed the Jamestown colony

The Virginia Company and the Joint-Stock Model

The Virginia Company of London was the joint-stock company that funded and governed the Jamestown settlement

The Headright System

The headright system was Virginia's land-grant program for attracting settlers and labor

Indentured Servitude

Indentured servitude was the main labor system of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake, supplying most workers before slavery became dominant

Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts

Mercantilism was the economic theory that colonies existed to enrich the mother country, enforced through England's Navigation Acts

Tobacco and the Chesapeake Plantation Economy

Tobacco was the cash crop that became the engine of the entire Chesapeake economy

The Transition from Servitude to Racial Slavery

This was the shift in Chesapeake labor from indentured servants to enslaved Africans

The Triangular / Atlantic Trade

The Triangular, or Atlantic, Trade was the trading network linking Europe, West Africa, and the Americas

Massachusetts Bay and Puritan New England Society

Massachusetts Bay was the Puritan colony built around church-centered towns

William Penn and Pennsylvania (the Middle Colonies)

William Penn was the Quaker proprietor who founded Pennsylvania as a religious refuge

Carolina, Rice, and the Barbados Slave Society

Carolina became a rice-based plantation society modeled directly on Barbados's slave economy