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Valladoid 1498
Colegio de San Gregorio

Colegio de San Gregorio
Valladoid 1498

The Ambassadors 1533
Hans Holbein

Hans Holbein
The Ambassadors 1533

Divination tray
Yoruba culture 1659

Yoruba culture 1659
Divination tray

Plaque depicting a palace shrine
Kingdom of Benin, Nigeria 1520-1640

Kingdom of Benin, Nigeria 1520-1640
Plaque depicting a palace shrine

Saint Teresa of Ávila in Ecstasy, 1645-52
Gianlorenzo Bernini *

Gianlorenzo Bernini *
Saint Teresa of Ávila in Ecstasy, 1645-52

David 1623
Gianlorenzo Bernini >

Gianlorenzo Bernini >
David 1623

Baldacchino, vatican 1624-1633
Gianlorenzo Bernini #

Gianlorenze Bernini #
Baldacchino, Vatican 1624-1633

Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith and Holofernes, 1621

Judith and Holofernes, 1621
Artemisia Gentileschi

Diego Velázquez
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1656

Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1656
Diego Velázquez

The Calling of St. Matthew, 1599-1600
Caravaggio *

Caravaggio #
The Calling of St. Matthew, 1599-1600

Bacchus 1595-1596
Caravaggio &

Caravaggio {}
Bacchus 1595-1596

Peter Paul Rubens +
The Raising of the Cross, 1610

The Raising of the Cross, 1610
Peter Paul Rubens +

Peter Paul Rubens %
Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie De’ Medici, 1621-1625

Henri IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie De’ Medici, 1621-1625
Peter Paul Rubens %

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1632
Rembrandt van Rijn

Rembrandt van Rijn
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1632

Self Portrait, 1630
Judith Leyster

Judith Leyster
Self Portrait, 1630

Vanitas with a Violin and a Glass Ball, 1628
Pieter Claesz

Pieter Claesz
Vanitas with a Violin and a Glass Ball, 1628

Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611
Clara Peeters

Clara Peeters
Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611

Louis XIV, 1701
Hyacinthe Rigaud

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Louis XIV, 1701

Francois Boucher
Triumph of Venus, 1740

Triumph of Venus, 1740
Francois Boucher

Jean-Antoine Watteau
Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera, 1717

Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera, 1717
Jean-Antoine Watteau

Jean-Honore Fragonard
The Swing, 1767

The Swing, 1767
Jean-Honore Fragonard

William Hogarth +
The Marriage Contract,1743-45

The Marriage Contract 1743-45
William Hogarth +

Face-to-Face, 1743-45
William Hogarth *

William Hogarth *
Face-to-Face , 1743-45

Joseph Wright #
An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump, 1768

An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump, 1768
Joseph Wright #

A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on an Orrery, 1763-65
Joseph Wright &

Joseph Wright &
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on an Orrery, 1763-65

George Washington, 1788-92
Jean-Antoine Houdon

Jean-Antoine Houdon
George Washington, 1788-92

Oath of the Horatii, 1784
Jacques-Louis David @

Jacques-Louis David @
Oath of the Horatii, 1784

Death of Marat, 1793
Jacques-Louis David *

Jacques-Louis David *
Death of Marat, 1793

Benjamin West
The Death of General Wolfe, 1770

The Death of General Wolfe, 1770
Benjamin West

Théodore Géricault
Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19

Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19
Théodore Géricault

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters from Los Caprichos, 1799
Francisco Goya

Francisco Goya
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters from Los Caprichos, 1799

Thomas Cole
The Oxbow, 1836

The Oxbow, 1836
Thomas Cole

The Artist’s Studio, 1837
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
The Artist’s Studio, 1837

Timothy O’Sullivan
The Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter: Battle Field at Gettysburg, 1863

The Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter: Battle Field at Gettysburg, 1863
Timothy O’Sullivan

The Stone Breakers, 1849
Gustave Courbet #

Gustave Courbet #
The Stone Breakers, 1849

A Burial at Ornans, 1849
Gustave Courbet %

Gustave Courbet %
A Burial at Ornans, 1849

Édouard Manet +
Olympia, 1863

Olympia, 1863
Édouard Manet +

The Luncheon on the Grass, 1863
Édouard Manet $

Édouard Manet $
The Luncheon on the Grass, 1863
Mudéjar
a unique medieval Spanish architectural and artistic movement that blends Islamic decorative traditions with Christian architectural structures
Baroque art
originated late 16th century Italy. Focused on evoking strong emotion, drama and awe rather than calm intellectual harmony like the renaissance
Camera Obscura
a darkened room or box with a small hole or lens on one side
vanitas
a genre of still-life art that uses symbolic objects to remind the viewer of the transience of life, the inevitability of death, and the futility of earthly pleasures and material wealth
Rococo art
Emerged in France in the 16th century. Was a reaction against the heavy formal baroque style. Wanting to shift to intimacy, lightness, grace and playfulness
Enlightenment
the visual culture and artistic expressions of the 18th century (roughly 1685–1815) that mirrored the era's philosophical shift toward reason, empirical science, naturalism, and moral civic virtue
caprichos
a work of art—most famously a print or painting—where the artist breaks away from traditional rules and conventions to express individual imagination, fantasy, whim, or satirical critique
fête galante
a category of 18th-century Rococo painting that depicts aristocratic figures enjoying leisure, music, conversation, and flirtation in idyllic, park-like outdoor settings
Neoclassicism
a revival of the principles, aesthetics, and subject matter of ancient Greece and Rome
“grand manner” history painting
an elevated, academic style of art that originated in the 17th century and was heavily championed in 18th-century Britain by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Romanticism
Art, literary and intellectual movement that emerged in late 18th century europe. Reaction to enlightenment and neoclassicism. Focused on emotion and individual experience. Loose brushwork. Dramatic contrasts of light and shadow.
Daguerreotype
the first publicly available and commercially successful photographic process
wet collodion
Invented by Frederick Scott Archer. Photographic process of taking a glass or metal plate coated with collodion mixed with iodides and using a darkroom to expose it.
photography
the practice of using a camera and light to express an idea, emotion, or creative vision rather than merely documenting reality
Realism
a 19th-century movement—originating in France around the 1840s and 1850s—that aimed to represent everyday subjects, ordinary people, and contemporary life truthfully, without idealization, theatrical drama, or supernatural elements.